Psychotropics in Paediatrics or Adolescents

Psychotropics in Pediatrics or Adolescents Presentation Psychotropic medications will be prescriptions and compound definitions that cross the blood cerebrum hindrance to follow up on the focal sensory system to invigorate the difference in state of mind and conduct of a person. Schatzberg and Nemeroff (2009) underscore that note that these drugs are not healing but instead palliative, and in spite of the fact that they may improve side effects related with different mental issue, they don't fix the essential driver of the disarranges. As per Perry (2007), psychotropic meds incorporate antidepressants, antipsychotic or neuroleptics, consideration shortfall hyperactivity issue (ADHD) drugs, and antimanic or anxiolytics among others. This paper targets talking about the physiological ramifications of utilizing psychotropic meds in pediatric and youthful populaces with an inclination on neuroleptic/antipsychotic, anxiolytic/antianxiety and ADHD drugs. While there might be reservations in regards to the utilization of psychotropic medicine in kids and the physiologic impact of these medications on youthful people’s focal sensory system improvement, leaving mental clutters untreated is certainly not a reasonable choice as obviously upheld by clinical writing. This is on the grounds that untreated psychological maladjustment may cause foremost long haul horribleness and even irreversible shortages in socio-passionate and subjective working. Notwithstanding moral and legitimate reservations encompassing the utilization of psychotropic medications among pediatric and immature patients, investigations of information on their utilization uncovers quick changing patterns highlighting expanded use. As indicated by Hsia and MacLennan (2009) there was a three-overlap increment of the quantity of kids/young people taking any psychotropic medication somewhere in the range of 1987 and 1996. Youthful visit to doctors altogether expanded p sychotropic medicines as confirm by an expansion to 8.3% of the medicines in 2001, up from 3.4% in 1994 (Hsia MacLennan, 2009). In 2001, psychotropic remedies made up 8.8% of every single psychopharmacological solution among patients matured somewhere in the range of 6 and 17 years (Hsia MacLennan, 2009). As far as sex, increasingly male pediatrics and teenagers are on these prescriptions contrasted with their female partners. Because of expanded frequencies of nervousness, burdensome, hyper, and other psychotropic issue in pediatrics and teenagers, there has been an expanded acknowledgment and requirement for utilization of neuroleptics, anxiolytics and stimulant medications in these patients. Neuroleptics and their suggestions on pediatrics/immature Neuroleptics, otherwise called significant sedatives or antipsychotic drugs are utilized basically to treat psychoses and indications. In pediatrics and teenagers, they are likewise demonstrated in the treatment of other non-insane mental issue. They are the medications of first decision in treatment of chemical imbalance and schizophrenia in youngsters and youthfulness. Kalyna and Virani (2007) clarify that neuroleptics are utilized in treatment of pediatrics and youths with seriously forceful lead issue, Tourette’s issue, and ceaseless engine or vocal spasm issue. Antipsychotic drugs are likewise utilized in the treatment of ADHD however their utilization has diminished because of expanded utilization of energizer meds which are increasingly viable for this issue. Instances of antipsychotic drugs incorporate haloperidol, chlorpromazine, molindone and fluphenazine. More up to date definitions incorporate olanzepine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone (Hamrin, McCarthy Tyson, 2010). The utilization of neuroleptics on pediatrics and teenagers has a few ramifications. Symptoms related with long haul utilization of these prescriptions in this populace incorporate akathesia, intense dystonic responses, parkinsonian manifestations, tardive dyskinesia, anticholinergic indications and sedation. They additionally lower seizure limit in vulnerable subjects and medications, for example, Chlorpromazine ought not be utilized in such patients. Tardive dyskinesia is a grave concern and has been accounted for in around 1 to 20% of pediatrics and teenagers on long haul utilization of neuroleptics (Kalyna Virani, 2007). It might happen as right on time as 5 months after initiation of treatment or may postpone to as long as 3 years. Since pediatrics and youths have more dopamine receptors than grown-ups, they are progressively touchy to symptoms influencing the focal sensory system. Long haul utilization of neuroleptics ought to be maintained a strategic distance from in this pop ulace yet †¦.contends that low portions might be suggested in chosen troublesome cases. Opposite symptoms related with neuroleptics incorporate weight increase, unpredictable menses and bosom amplification in teenagers. Doran (2013) reports that second-age hostile to insane (SGA’s) medications can cause metabolic unsettling influences and weight gain in pediatrics and young people in any event, during first-time treatment. For example, in a preliminary of treatment of schizophrenia with olanzapine, 30% of the pediatric/pre-adult subjects put on weight contrasted with 6% in grown-up subjects (Doran, 2013). Different SGAs, for example, risperidone, quetiapine and clozapine likewise posted comparable outcomes with the pediatric/juvenile subjects picking up between 0.9 to 16.2 kilograms (Doran, 2013). Withdrawal of neuroleptics or bringing down of the dose may prompt withdrawal new disorder with resultant irritation of maniacal indications. This has been accounted for in pediatrics and indications incorporate ataxia, spewing and queasiness. In an investigation by Vitiello (2008) as high as 51% of the pediatric patients indicated the withdrawal manifestations, for the most part happening following not many days to hardly any weeks after medication withdrawal. Clozapine has been related with passings of two pediatric patients with the instrument being connected to abrupt suspension of treatment (Vitiello, 2008). Haloperidol has been shown to meddle with the kids and adolescent’s day by day schedule including social and school exercises. Neuroleptics increment sedation, torpidity and lethargy in pediatrics and youths than in grown-ups; for example, this was shown in 30% to 49% of pediatric patients being treated with Risperidone as opposed to 7% of grown-ups taking a similar m edication for bipolar madness (Hamrin, McCarthy Tyson, 2010). Anxiolytics and their suggestions on pediatric/youths Anxiolytics are psychopharmacologic drugs used to treat uneasiness issue in pediatrics and young people. Different conditions for which they may utilized incorporate rest issue, forceful practices and psychosis. They incorporate specific serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and busipirone. Nervousness issue are significantly prevalent in youthfulness; somewhere in the range of 6 and 20% of kids have a sort of uneasiness issue (Kalyna Virani, 2007). Doran (2013) reports that utilization of benzodiazepines in pediatrics and young people has significantly increased in the course of the most recent 10 years. Anxiolytics are prescribed to be utilized simply after a fallout of an occasion for example awful accident and ought to be utilized for brief periods (not over about fourteen days) to maintain a strategic distance from the danger of creating habit or decreased adequacy. An ongoing survey shows that SSRIs have become the favored pharmacological mediation for pediatric tension issue. They have exceptionally strong anxiolytic impacts and their resistance among pediatrics and young people is high. Be that as it may, this class of psychotropic medications has been related with expanded self-destructive ideation. A very much recorded debate in pediatric and juvenile psychopharmacology happened in 2003 when FDA gave open alarm cautioning prescribers of expanded ideation and endeavors of self destruction among patients underneath 18 years on anxiolytics (Vitiello, 2008). This added to a generous drop in paces of finding and remedy of these medications among pediatric and pre-adult populace. Afterward, after a meta-investigation of various clinical preliminaries of nine medications in this class, it was exhibited that there was just a negligible increment (0.7%) expansion in the self-destructive ideation with no real increment in finished suicides (Schatzberg Nemeroff, 2009). Be that as it may, this has prompted reception of a multidisciplinary approach towards the board of pediatric and pre-adult misery to envelop both pharmacological and non-pharmacological mediations. Cardiovascular unfavorable impacts are regularly revealed with most enemy of nervousness prescriptions in light of the fact that these medications follow up on the autonomic framework. Such symptoms remember increment for pulse and changes in circulatory strain. In spite of the fact that these reactions are for the most part not of major clinical centrality while taking psychotropic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs, for example, desipramine have been uncertainly connected to abrupt passing among pediatric patients (Kalyna Virani, 2007). Along these lines, it is basic for the endorsing doctors to take an extensive patient history, just as screen the electrocardiograms, pulse and circulatory strain changes of the pediatric and immature patients previously and during treatment with psychotropic specialists, for example, TCAs. Lamotrigine plainly builds the hazard for serious skin responses and hives in pediatrics and teenagers (Dulcan, 2010). Another basic thought in anxiolytic utilization of medications in these subjects is sedate associations. Medications that restrain the cytochrome P450 protein framework could effectsly affect the subjects if associatively directed with anxiolytics (Perry, 2007). Antifungal medications and a few anti-toxins, for example, erythromycin when co-directed with SSRIs, for example, fluoxetine can cause cardiovascular arrhythmias (Perry, 2007). Others, for example, imipramine and Lamotrigine can cause poisonous insanity (Hamrin, McCarthy Tyson, 2010). The prescribers must record all meds that may have medicate sedate associations with psychotropics just as those that have immediate or backhanded impact on the cytochrome P450 compound framework. ADHD drugs and their suggestions on pediatrics/young people Energizers utilized in the board of ADHD are probably the most utilized psych

Environmental Experiences Essay

The ability of an area to improve ecological experience relies upon the scene and its capability to cultivate and make abstract translations among people. These spots likewise are huge to guests since it advances training and other aberrant impacts. Perceiving the requirement for design is significant for individuals to completely comprehend and feel the scene experience. The Tree Top Walk at the Valley of Giants in Australia â€Å"is a walkway that ascents up to 38m over the woodland. † Visitors can have the option to make the sentiment of condition. Guests get an alternate point of view on the shapes, sounds and development of the timberland. The Oregon Paleo Lands Institute will assist you with finding Oregon’s past and investigate its current scenes. The spot teaches people and guests of the miracles the spot brings to the table. Our main goal is to support northwest inhabitants and guests of any age to investigate, comprehend, and appreciate the widely acclaimed common history of north focal Oregon, the old and living scenes of Oregon’s last 400 million years, and the full fossil record of earth’s last 50 million years. The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Texas tries to advise people regarding the various local plants in the district. First as the National Wildflower Research Center and later as the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, this unique spot exists to acquaint individuals with the excellence and assorted variety of wildflowers and other local plants. This is because of the dangers and the call for conservation of these plants. These spots help improve their experience of understanding scene by how every one makes the sentiment of fulfillment and develop the sentiment of thankfulness that adds to the scene experience. It must be a blend of both comprehension and simultaneously energy about his/her insightful capacities. Be that as it may, an individual must not just settle for what is discernible. The guest must make and conceptualize his/her own understanding of the scene. This picture will bear some relationship to the manner by which the individual reacts to and structures his reality because of his physical perceptual limits, financial, social, character, experiential and different attributes. The three kinds of spots referenced give both immediate and backhanded encounters to the guest. Taking a gander at it, the territory of aberrant encounters is arranged to be relative. An encounter of an individual may differ contingent upon how every one sees a scene and partners it to individual experience. An individual inclination can run from interest over the scene to bliss and stunningness. There are changed responses among individuals and this makes various responses that develop understanding. Then again, there are additionally immediate encounters that the scene adds to a guest. These are (1) training, (2) ecological instruction and (3) interpretative focuses. Training can be considered as one significant commitments of scene experience. It makes mindfulness that has been animated by the fact of seeing, breaking down and understanding the scene. A guest makes its association with the scene by the manner in which it shows itself to the watcher and consequently how the individual reacts to it given the variables that spin around the earth and the person. Along these lines, this makes the procedure of training for every guest. Natural instruction can likewise be viewed as a result of scene experience since the three models that were given are essentially normal or environmental destinations. Scene encounters offers thought to guests of the present circumstance of these destinations. This experience makes mindfulness particularly during this time the call for natural concern has been continually expanding. Successful and important ecological training is a test we should pay attention to in the event that we and people in the future are to appreciate the advantages of our regular legacy. In this way, scene encounters makes a road for natural training by exhibiting guests the magnificence and miracle of these locales and how every one is answerable for its assurance and proceeded with food. The last referenced is scene experience makes interpretative focuses. Scene experience gives open doors for interpretative focuses to give sufficient data with respect to the site. Additionally, interpretative focuses give develop interests of volunteers and associations to additionally advance the site. Engineering assumes a significant job in scene experience. Individuals who have foundation in the point comprehend that its aspects are broadened. To completely acknowledge design, understudies need to deconstruct its significance from an assortment of points of view: masterful, social, and logical. Engineering fills in as a guide for guests to take part in their neighborhood scene. The thought is that every individual looks for discover significance and involvement with the scene anyway this is impossible without a getting design. Another is that architecture’ assorted variety and differed points of view makes ready for an expanded scene experience among guests. Various implications and translations are gotten from these destinations that cultivate further learning encounters. There are numerous variations and components that decide the scene experience of a person. The ability of a person to connect the scene with a comprehension of engineering and diverse abstract interests’ can make an important and beneficial experience. The full valuation for the earth experience again is accomplished if a learning procedure is gotten by the person upon presentation to the scene.

Human Resource Management Plan Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Plan Essay As a startup social insurance staffing organization for routine set of expenses, transitory and travel medicinal services work, HR are our item; in that capacity, a Human Resource Management Plan is essential to the achievement of this office. This arrangement has been assembled with contribution of the executives/enrollment, deals and worker delegates. This is device to help in the structure of this organization, plainly characterizing jobs and occupation duties of the authoritative staff; focusing on the laws with which this organization will go along; including obvious sets of expectations for the work power; and remembers data for staffing, representative turn of events/preparing and remuneration systems. Jobs and Responsibilities Manager †Is answerable for the general accomplishment of the human asset division. The administrator will actualize and characterize sets of expectations; the preparation program; and agreements. The administrator will acquire all protection, will guarantee consistence with JCAHO guidelines and ensure that all state and government sculptures are met just as that every single applicable law and guidelines are clung to. The director is liable for procuring HR just as being an official choice creator with respect to the recruiting and end everything being equal. The administrator must have the accompanying aptitudes: initiative/the board, planning, consistence will every lawful tie, and compelling correspondence. Team lead the SM will be answerable for: starting all contact with customers; following up on these contacts; haggling for an agreement between this organization and customer; guaranteeing that every single authoritative understanding are conformed to; and building up a working relationship with client’s HR offices. The SM must have the accompanying aptitudes: authority, consistence with every legitimate tie, successful correspondence, the independence to settle on choices and the capacity to extend regard of customer and incite the presence of trust, uprightness and a positive picture of the organization. Bolster Personnel †the SP will be liable for: all coding and charging; noting telephones; mentioning all foundation look (criminal just as acknowledge); light reserving, for example, time sheets and finance; monitoring all licenses, accreditation, agreement and protection lapse dates; booking all things considered; sending and arranging all correspondence; putting commercials; and refreshing the site varying. The SP must have the accompanying aptitudes: association, reliability, capacity to conform to every sensible solicitation by the executives and deals, keep a steady and dependable work routine, can keep all data hidden, and have a decent hard working attitude and character that mirrors the picture this organization needs to pass on. Legitimate Requirements The business result of our organization is its HR. All things considered, there is a horde of laws and resolutions that require all out regard for address HR legitimate consistence. Holding fast to these guidelines is equivalent to progress for this organization. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act is the main rule that this organization must cling to. Each endeavor will be made to decrease/maintain a strategic distance from infringement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act that secures against separation of race, shading, sex (counting pregnancy), religion and national starting point (EEOC, 2012). Nor will there be infringement of the Age Discrimination Act of 1967 and its’ changes. There will prepare in and familiarity with unique treatment of candidates including the EEOC’s new guidelines on not recruiting dependent on criminal foundation so these laws are not damaged (EEOC, 2012). It is our duty to give our customers the best possibility to accommodate their prerequisites so the set of working responsibilities ought to reflect unmistakably and with no vagueness, the constraints of each position. Be that as it may, records will be kept as per EEOC guidelines of all candidates just as guaranteeing that all facilities are made for any incapacities Punitive and compensatory harms can be imposed against this organization for infringement of these demonstrations. Advantages Required Until this organization gets 20+ representatives it isn't required to offer certain advantages (EEOC, 2012). Most of its’ representatives will be provisional laborers and in that capacity, they are required to have their own risk protection, won't approach organization gave medical coverage, incapacity or retirement benefits. Government required helps, for example, COBRA, FMLA and ERIS plans won't be remembered for any arrangement for assistance until such time as this organization enlists salaried workers at the necessary least (EEOC, Disabilities 2012). Around then this approach will be returned to. OSHA guidelines will be carefully upheld at the company’s topographical area and the fitting data will be posted. Infringement can be dependent upon punishments of up to $500,000. 00 and as long as a half year in prison (U. S. Legitimate, 2010-2013). Set of working responsibilities of Contract Staff Attached is an example expected set of responsibilities for a RN with a psych segment and psych experience. (See addendum 1). This depiction has been deliberately examined and created as per all laws and guidelines and will be provide for our customers for correlation so their HR department’s work escriptions are lawfully inside all edges required and reflect basic employment capacities. This depiction was structured with assistance from the O*Net Online site and the Uniform Guidelines for Employee Selection Procedures. This company’s mission is to flexibly RNs’, LPNs’, CNAs’, NAs’, Social assistance, remedial, just as some other medicinal services related staff on brief need reason for emergency clinics, centers, and other human services offices, including home consideration. Our sets of responsibilities must mirror this unmistakably and incorporate the prerequisites given us in the agreement with our customers. Any constraints are those provided to us by our client’s HR division and don't speak to confinements on recruiting by this organization or any representatives of this organization. Every individual HR office will give NOLA Nursing Agency their sets of expectations however we claim all authority to change any bit of this structure to reflect current laws in concurrence with the client’s HR division (Fried and Fottler, 2012, pp. 171,173,174, 176). Staffing and Employee Development Staffing will be guided by every individual expected set of responsibilities. Occupations will be loaded up with the candidates who best fit with the necessities of our customers, appropriateness of the position and desires for NOLA Nursing. Our employing proverb is â€Å"Best Person, Best Fit, approaches Best Care. † To guarantee greatness in preparing of our outlay staff by NNA before extra preparing is attempted after recruit, we will utilize the COPA model by Lenburg. The COPA model of evaluation of competency by Lenburg accommodates a system to guarantee that educating and learning of abilities by medical attendants are intuitive and understudy centered. NNA will utilize this system to plan routine set of expenses medical attendants/medicinal services staff for work. The following are the four significant inquiries went along in this model: 1. What are the basic capabilities and results for contemporary practice? 2. What are the pointers that characterize those capabilities? 3. What are the best approaches to become familiar with those skills? Furthermore, 4. What are the best approaches to record that students or potentially practioners have accomplished the necessary capabilities? To additionally set up our social insurance staff will utilize Lenburg’s eight center practice capabilities with sub expertise to review new staff and utilize the information gathered to round out each individual’s range of abilities. See Addendum 2) It will likewise be officeholder upon NOLA Nursing Agency: * To enroll the best candidates to satisfy the predetermined activity capabilities for our customers. This will incorporate the underlying organized meeting which will test work competency and access the applicant’s reasonableness for the posi tion. A reasonable activity review will be given to the picked candidate before determination to build the accomplishment of the individual occupation/association fit. (Seared et al, 2012, pp. 209, 211-212) * A business understanding will be drafted and marked by NNA along the competitor and will be upheld by NNA. A detachment understanding will likewise be started by NNA in the wake of accepting data by customer and if essential, a post employment survey will be performed by same. * Preform all record verifications including: employment and training narratives, criminal and common foundations, approval of licenses/affirmations/certifications, and checks of individual and expert references. A report will be made accessible to customers with marked consent of the candidate and clinging to required laws. Medication screening and physical capacities affirmed whenever required on set of working responsibilities, * Current individual obligation protection approved: duplicates kept on record just as lapse dates of the protection for each agreement representative. * Protected class applications will be indexed and insights will be submitted to the proper government guideline offices * CEUs for every candidate will be stayed up with the latest and suitable to the expected set of responsibilities * Each candidate will be tried in an aptitudes stock and given important guidance in feeble abilities. A web bank of nursing aptitudes will be made accessible so contract candidates can enhance their ability base. * Compensation and any advantages will be haggled between NOLA Nursing and the candidate * Any issues that emerge in the workplace will be interceded by NOLA Nursing and our customer. * NOLA Nursing will screen their agreement employee’s work exhibitions and any shortages will be tended to. * A basic episodes investigation will be kept on each agreement worker to all the more likely select quality contender for our customers Recruitment will be through commercials in online Job Boards, papers and interest in work fairs. A functioning bank of all applic

Tips in Preparing a College Admission Letter

Tips in Preparing a College Admission LetterThe College Admission Letter is one of the most critical documents of college admissions. It is often referred to as the 'Open Letter' for a reason. Even though this document is free and open to the public, there are certain rules that must be followed to make sure that it is not tampered with. The College Admission Letter is the gateway to college and one of the most important parts of the college process.The College Admission Letter is also known as the 'Committee Statement' for a reason. Students who complete the Application for Admission are not required to submit the College Admission Letter, but they should be prepared to submit it. There are several major points to keep in mind when preparing your College Admission Letter. All of these tips should be addressed in preparation for the College Application and College Admissions requirements.The first tip in preparing a College Admission Letter is to make sure that the text is neat and p roperly formatted. In many cases the College Admissions letter will include a section headings, a detailed background on the applicant, and a list of the student's qualifications. This part of the College Admissions Letter is often called the 'Claim Area.' The question that must be addressed in your college admission letter is what are your qualifications.Carefully structure your letter. This includes providing the applicant with all of the information necessary to fully understand the college and test the applicant's interests. One word of caution: Many students tend to assume that the letter will be read by the admissions committee.Don't include information that will negatively affect the College Admissions Letter. Keep your entries to about 250 words and about one or two paragraphs in length.The College Admission Letter should have a cover letter, which should be in formulating letters of reference. This is part of the document that is referred to as the 'Award Letter.' This is w here you demonstrate your personality as a writer. In the cover letter you should clearly spell out your professional interests, relationship and academic accomplishments.The College Admission Letter is an important part of the application process. It is to be considered carefully, and should be properly prepared.

Monologue from the play Cinema Limbo by Wade Bradford

This comedic female monologue can be used for auditions and classroom performances. The setting is the  current day in an unspecified geographic location, allowing the performer to make her own choices of accent. The character is entering college, so she can be assumed to be about age eighteen, youthful and not yet worldly. Its appropriate for high school and college drama classes. Context of the Monologue This scene is taken from the short play, Cinema Limbo by Wade Bradford. College-bound Vicky is an assistant manager of a movie theater. Every geeky, dorky employee is attracted to her. Although she is amused by their attraction, she has yet to fall in love. The full play is a two-person play of only ten minutes in length. It may be used to help build the character for a performer who plans to use the monologue. Monologue VICKY:I’m the kind of girl who takes pity on poor pathetic geeks who have never kissed a girl. Let’s just say that I like someone who is easily trainable—someone who will truly appreciate me. It’s sad, I know. But hey, I’ll take an ego boost wherever I can get it. Unfortunately, these adorably nerdy boyfriends get boring after a while. I mean, I can only listen to their computer games and mathematic equations for so long. Of course, Stuart’s different in a lot of ways. He’s terrible at math, for one. And he’s pretty clueless about technology. But he’s a comic book sort of geek. And a hopeless romantic. He’s preoccupied with holding my hand. Everywhere we go, he wants to hold hands. Even when we’re driving. And he’s got this new pastime. He keeps saying â€Å"I love you.† It was so sweet and wonderful the first time he said it. I almost cried, and I’m not the kind of girl who cries easily. But by the end of the week, he must have said â€Å"I love you† about five hundred times. And then he starts adding pet names. â€Å"I love you, honeybunch.† â€Å"I love you, sweetheart.† â€Å"I love you my little smoochy-woochy-coochi-koo.† I don’t even know what that last one means. It’s like he’s speaking in some brand-new, love-infected language. Who would have thought romance could be so boring? Notes on the Monologue In the original context, Vicky was discussing her job at the theater with a fellow employee, Joshua. She is attracted to him and they banter about the job and her relationship with Stuart, who was a grade school classmate of Joshua. The monologue can also be delivered as an introspective piece rather than as part of a conversation, imagining that Vicky is voicing her thoughts to the audience rather than to Joshua. The monologue gives the performer a chance to show a blend of innocence, naivete, callousness, and even a touch of cruelty. How much of each is displayed will be a choice of the performer. Its a piece that allows the performer to explore the themes of coming of age, exploring relationships, sensitivity to the emotions of others, and the responsibilities of adulthood.

New Testament Paper Notes - 2024 Words

New Testament Paper: 1 Timothy 4:11-15 First Timothy 4:11-15 was written by the Apostle Paul to Timothy. He writes this letter after he leaves Timothy and goes to Macedonia during his fourth missionary. At the time of these letters, Timothy was serving as pastor of the local church in Ephesus. Timothy was a native of Lystra, a Roman colony in the province of Galatia. He was a pastor who accompanied Paul on his second and third missionary. He seemed to become Paul’s protà ©gà ©, and Paul spoke of himself as Timothy’s â€Å"father† and of Timothy as his â€Å"son†. First Timothy, along with Second Timothy and Titus are known as the Pastoral letters. Paul has previously warned the Ephesian elders that false teachers would distort the truth and lead people†¦show more content†¦15 Take pains with these things; be absorbed in them, so that your progress will be evident to all {command}.† Paul commands Timothy to teach, to set an example, give attention to scripture, to not neglect th e spiritual gift he has, and to be absorbed in all he is doing so that others will see he progress. There are no repeated words, phrases, idea; comparisons; or contrasts in 1 Timothy 4:11-15. In 1 Timothy 4:12 there is an example of a list, â€Å"Let no one look down on your youthfulness, but rather in speech, conduct, love, faith, and purity, show yourself an example for those who believe†. This list provides ways from Timothy to live and states specific ways he can avoid criticism from those who think he is too young. Also in 1 Timothy 4:12 is an example of a contraction, â€Å"Let no one look down on your youthfulness, but rather in speech, conduct, love, faith, and purity, show yourself an example for those who believe†. The contraction here emphasizes the point that instead of allowing the elders to look down and criticize him, Timothy must show these opposing characteristics. It is in these attributes he will gain respect from the elders. Verb tense in 1 Timothy 4:11-15 can be categorized as follows. â€Å"11 Prescribe and teach these things {present}. 12 Let no one look down on your youthfulness {present}, but rather in speech, conduct, love, faith and purity, show yourself an example of those who believe {present}. 13 UntilShow MoreRelatedThe Foundation Of Orthodoxy And The Canon1484 Words   |  6 Pages THE FOUNDATION OF ORTHODOXY AND THE CANON A Paper Presented to Dr. Nickens of Liberty University Lynchburg, VA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Church History CHHI 301 by Whitney J. 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Burial traditions and practices have developed throughout history and around the world to meet this human need. This paper will examine Jewish death and burial practices from the Old Testament, the Gospels, and other New Testament accounts, as well as archaeological evidence from first century Palestine; this evidence, when compared to recent arguments against the burial of Jesus, supports the Biblical narrative that Jesus

Non Performing Assets free essay sample

After going into the rationale for declaring a loan as an NPA, the Court went on to hold that the guidelines were issued as a restructuring measure in order to avoid setbacks in the banking system. The sale of NPA s is indeed profitable given that it is economically viable for the banking system and works positively in the interest of monetary stability or economic growth, keeping in mind the interest of the depositors and optimum employment of their deposits. The Supreme Court, after analyzing the provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, held that the issue in question in this regard appeared to be whether trading in NPAs has the characteristics of a bona fide banking business. In case, trading in NPA s fell within the scope of bona-fide banking business, there is no provision of law barring the same. Sections 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 empower the RBI to issue various guidelines determining the policy in relation to advances to be followed by banking companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Performing Assets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The guidelines issued by RBI authorizing banks to deal inter se in NPAs have a statutory force of law. They have allowed banks to engage in trading in NPAs with the purpose of clearing the balance sheets and raising the capital adequacy ratio. These activities comes within the ambit of Section 21 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 which enables the RBI to frame the policy in relation to Advances to be followed by the banking companies and which empowers RBI to give directions to banking companies under Section 21(2) of the Act. When a delegate is empowered by the Parliament to enact a Policy and to issue directions which have a statutory force and such delegate, being the RBI in this case, issues such guidelines having statutory force, such guidelines have to be read as supplemental to the provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. Such banking policy as enunciated by RBI cannot be said to be ultra vires the Act. The Supreme Court held that Section 6(1) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 is a general provision and enumerates the fields in which banks can carry on their business, being core banking business. However, RBI, being the regulator, under Section 21 and 35A can issue directions having statutory force, laying down parameters enabling banks to expand their business. Such parameters define `banking business. According to the judgment of the Apex Court, Section 6 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 describes what activities banks can take part in. The 1949 Act allows banking companies to undertake activities and businesses as long as they do not attract prohibitions and restrictions like those contained in Sections 8 and 9 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Court further went on to state that RBI is empowered to enact a policy which would enable banking companies to engage in activities in addition to core banking process it defines as to what constitutes banking business. Assignment of Debts and the SARFAESI Act, 2002 In respect of the assignment of debts to banks, the Court further held that the provisions of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) are not applicable to the case.

How To Become a Successful Writer

How many people out there dream of becoming successful writers? How many of those people actually achieve that dream? And what separates one group from the other? There are many elements to becoming a successful writer. And talent, as Stephen King notably commented, â€Å"is cheaper than table salt†. Thats because writing isnt just an art, its also a business, and there are practical sides to the craft that cant be ignored if one is to become successful at it. Get Away From TV and the Internet Television has been proven by science to deaden the brains activities. Which is the opposite of what you want when youre creating something. Not only that, but it sucks up hours of your time that you cant get back. Stephen King recommends blowing it up. Or you could just unplug it. Same goes with the internet. The time, energy and brain activity that it sucks is just as insidious as the television, if not more so. Avoid it. Many a professional writer have gone so far as to either disconnect it completely or use two different computers: one for surfing the Web and one for writing. Eliminating these productivity suckers will free up light-years of time that you can now use for writing. Be Able To See Things Through (To the Bitter End) Now that youve got your time management under control by abolishing TV and internet, you can work on your writing. But, if after day two of writing you find yourself bored, stuck, desperate or suicidal (which any writer will assure you is completely normal), you have two choices: plow ahead or give up. Writing is hard. Its very hard. Many a menacing phrase have been written by writers describing exactly how hard it is. Take this lovely nugget from Anne Lamott: â€Å"My writer friends, and they are legion, do not go around beaming with quiet feelings of contentment. Most of them go around with haunted, abused, surprised looks on their faces, like lab dogs on whom very personal deodorant sprays have been tested.† Marathon runners talk about hitting the wall when all of the sudden their muscles seize up and feel like each leg weighs a hundred pounds of solid concrete. Writing can feel like that. And theres nothing to be done except for drag those 200 pounds of legs across the finish line. Thats what makes the difference between someone whos successful and someone whos given up because it got too hard. Get Familiar With Your Craft If youre a writer, chances are youre also a reader. The two usually go together. And in fact, some of the best advice that almost any writer will give you is that in order to write, you must also read. A lot. Read other writers. Study them. Find comfort, passion and inspiration in their words. Read good writing, read bad writing too. Bad writing can show you where the holes are so you can avoid falling into them. It can show you what awkward phrasing, obvious plot twists and one-dimensional characters look like. If you dont already have a circle of writer friends, join a writers group, virtual or face-to-face. Take a writing course. Get the opinion of other writers. Read other peoples work-in-progress. Give and get advice. Become versed on how to talk about writing, how to receive feedback and how to make meaningful changes in your work. The more investment you make in your writing life, the richer your return. Have Courage A successful writer is also one who is courageous. Imagine how much courage it took for Elizabeth Gilbert to bare her soul and talk about her messy divorce and subsequent depression in her autobiography Eat Pray Love. Would the book have been so wildly successful if she had glossed over her personal demons and instead just focused on the wonderful pasta in Rome? Writing takes an incredible amount of courage in order to overcome the voice not only of the internal critic, but the fear of the external ones. What if they dont like it? What if they think Im stupid, sick, perverted, pathetic? If every writer listened to that voice, there would be exactly zero books published in this world. A successful writer is brave enough to confront those voices and tell them to shut up. They get busy with creating and expressing themselves as freely as they can and dont give themselves time to dwell on fears and doubts. Publishing and Self-Publishing Better add patience to stamina and courage for qualities that make a successful writer. The publishing world can be brutal and the haul from â€Å"The End† to hitting the bookstores can be a long path. It can take years and piles of rejection letters before someone decides your book is worth publishing. These days, the publishing world is going through a revolution thanks to the popularity of online reading. Many writers are taking publishing into their own hands. Self-publishing is a respectable and sometimes even more profitable way of going about publishing your work. An interesting article by Forbes Magazine contributor Brett Arends tells the tale from both sides of the publishing coin. Define Success As your writing career develops, at some point youll face the question: what does it mean to become a successful writer? Maybe you want to write a best-seller. Maybe you just want to be published by anyone, anywhere. Maybe you want to be able to quit your day job and live off of your writing. Maybe you want to win accolades and literary prizes and the approval of your peers. In the end, success is really self-defined. For more writerly advice, heres a short-list of great books about writing: On Writing by Stephen King Bird by Bird by Anne Lamott If You Want to Write by Brenda Ueland Keep writing, keep dreaming, and best of luck in whatever goal youve set for your writing life.

Comparing and Contrasting in English

Comparing and Contrasting in English Imagine you are participating in a discussion about ideas. Its not small talk. Its a discussion about how you feel about something important, like your beliefs, politics, who you feel is better for a job, and so on. Using the right phrases and grammar structures can help you express your ideas well. Knowing how to compare and contrast is a particularly useful tool to get your point across in an interesting way. Words and Short Phrases Used to Compare The following words or short phrases compare two items or ideas: likelikewisesame asas well asalso, toolikewise Here is a short paragraph using some of these expressions: Time, like money, is a limited resource. You cant buy everything you want, likewise, you dont have enough time to do everything you want to do. Our time is the same as our money: its limited. Also, time is a resource when work needs to be done. Words and Short Phrases Used to Contrast The following words or short phrases contrast two items or ideas: unlikein contrast toas opposed todifferent fromwhereas Here is a short paragraph using some of these expressions to contrast: Unlike time or money, desire is an unlimited resource. Think about it: In contrast to money which can run out, your desire for new experiences and ideas will never end. Whereas there is never enough time to do everything you want, your desire will always come up with something new and exciting. Forms Used When Comparing Ideas The most important form to use when comparing two ideas is the comparative form. For three or more ideas, use the superlative form. Comparative Form These sentences use the comparative form to discuss ideas concerning the difficult economy: Employment issues are more important than political problems at this point in time.Job training is more critical to a sustained well being than food stamps and other welfare programs. Politicians are more worried about reelection than truly improving the economy. As ... as A related form to the comparative is the use of as ... as. The positive form shows something is equal. However, when using as ... as, do not modify the adjective as in the comparative form. The loss of manufacturing jobs is as unfortunate as the drop in pay.Spending on education in my state is as high as in some foreign countries like Korea. The negative form shows that something is not equal. It isnt as easy as you think. The loss in production isnt as great as in the past. Superlative Form These sentences use the superlative form to state what someone feels are the most important aspect of success at university: Dedication is the most important factor in success at University. Opening my mind to new perspectives was the most rewarding part of my time at university. Conjunctions and Connectors Use these  subordinating conjunctions, connecting words, and prepositions to contrast positive and negative aspects. Though, Although, Even Though​ Although the initial cost will be high, we will eventually profit from the time spent. Its important to remember that time is money even though many believe that money is more important. However, Nonetheless We need to improve the local infrastructure. However, we must also respect nature. The government should invest in job training programs. Nonetheless, that would be expensive. Despite, In Spite Of Despite the difficulty, students will soon see the benefit of this topic of study. The situation will improve in spite of the economy. Practice Situations Find a partner and use these suggestions to practice comparing and contrasting ideas, events, and people. Make sure to vary the language you use when practicing rather than using the same phrase over and over again. For practice, you could try the following topics: Discuss the economic situation in your countrySpeak about the positive and negative aspects of a politician or political partyCompare and contrast two different courses at schoolConsider both sides of an important decision such as an investment, a career change, etc.

How did Witte's and Pobedonostsev's visions of Russia and its path Essay

How did Witte's and Pobedonostsev's visions of Russia and its path differ Could either of them have saved autocracy - Essay Example Ivan III wiped out the idea of democracy by annexing territory of both principalities of their kingdom, ensuring that no united political power would be able to oppose their total authoritarian rule. The leader drew a firm support of the Russian Orthodox Church to legitimize an autocratic rule (MacKenzie & Curran, 2001). The people of Russia would therefore feel the effects of this rule in later years during the time of reign of both Alexander III and Nicholas II of between 1880 and 1905. Many Russians suffered due to autocratic rule at these times and later it resulted to the Russian Revolution. During the time of these two rulers, the people of Russia ran to extreme poverty due to existence of famine, lack of education, the people lived under poor working condition in cities, there were limited industries even though society that is more agrarian could be noticed no development could be hastened. Due to autocracy, the Russian empire was deteriorated politically, economically, and socially. There were no industries and most of the people were peasants with high level of illiteracy. Most of the citizens were still under the slavery of wealthy property owners. The government still had no defined legal or constitution as well as parliament thus as a result no elections could be conducted. For efficient and smooth run of the entire vast empire, the Tsar appointed various ministers to help him rule. People were denied freedom of speech thus grievances could not be aired to the Tsar. The first round in the struggle to define a direction of Russia’s development was between the conservative stability proclaimed by Pobedonostsev, which elaborated on maintenance of Russia’s natural institution and massive industrial change driven by Witte that emphasized on the introduction of European institutions (MacKenzie & Curran, 2001). The two men experienced a reversal of their early

The Tyranny of the Majority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Tyranny of the Majority - Essay Example Gayism and lesbianism are two practices strictly prohibited in the Arab world, and any one seized in the practice or openly advocates to have practiced it face dire consequences. Massad observed that the supporters of gay international movement have produced literature used to disseminate information about gays and lesbianism in the Arab world. Moreover, Mossad noted the oppression in which most gays and lesbians leave in the Arab world, and most of them do not dare come out, though there are reported numerous cases of male homoeroticism. The fact that people fear coming out openly as gays or lesbians explains the precarious situation of these people in the Arab world, where culture is held conservatively, and all expected to tow a single line of culture and religion. In fact, Mossad remarks that the concept of homosexuality in the Arab world is considered unfamiliar as people do not expect to have any homosexuals or lesbians among their societies. Amar explains the perceptions of most leaders in the society towards those considered undertaking odd practices within a society. The Brazilian purity campaigns targeted prostitutes in all Brazilian cities. The prostitutes were considered an eye sore and a bad image to the cities and the country at large and had to be removed. As Amar explains, the main motive behind the massive sweeps of prostitutes in Brazilian cities was to facilitate the country clean its name not to be associated with promotion of sex tourism and prostitution. 4 The use of the church, provincial military police, feminist groups and international organizations, though obligated to help poor people involved in prostitution  targeted  getting rid of prostitutes from cities. On the contrary, the aim was not offering help to prostitutes to change their lives towards more sociable behavior. In this case, the police  were  the â€Å"moral guardians of the society and the campaigns were aimed at â€Å"disciplining the public sociability.5 This was a case of tyranny of the majority; they forced norms and values to others regardless of their views and perceptions. For many years, the American whites had protected the purity of the white race by discouraging and even criminalizing any sexual association between with whites and immigrants from Asia or Africa. Shah reported the surveillance of the borderlands that brought an ambiguity of contingency to protect American men from threats posed by different groups of masculinities, considered fo reign and degenerate.6 Therefore, racialization increased construction of masculinity in America  based on racial and sexual topologies necessary for  checking any relationships between their males and foreign immigrants. The immigrants were considered impure and a threat to the purity for the whites. Moreover, Naber explains the efforts to create Arab cultural identity especially among daughters in families.7 As Naber remarked, when a daughter rejected the concept of Arab womanhood even after migrating to a

Prison Violence Essay Example for Free

Prison Violence Essay Incarceration rates rose to unprecedented levels in the history of the U.S.’s imprisonment. Therefore, concern about social control of the incarcerated, that is, prisoners’ behavior, has increased. High inmate disciplinary infractions, especially violent infractions, are a threat to the safety of prison, of correctional staff, and of other inmates. Nevertheless, the issue of discipline in prison is important from an economic perspective, because an estimated average cost per infraction at a medium security prison is $970 (Jiang Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). For these reasons, Jiang Fisher- Giorlando conducted a research to help explain violent incidents, incidents against correctional staff and incidents against other inmates in prison. Identifying the risk factors of inmates to commit violent acts of misconduct is of great importance to prison administration. This type of research can assist in the classification process of inmates entering institutions as well as the ongoing classification adjustments of inmates already in custody. This study will identify and investigate factors for violent institutional misconduct. These factors include; however, are not limited to race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level, prison environment and gender. The hypotheses of this study are: 1. Violent prison misconduct is more prevalent among African-American and Hispanic inmates than Caucasians or any other ethnic group. 2. Inmates who are residing in maximum-security facilities are more violent than inmates residing in medium or minimum-security facilities, especially towards correctional staff. Literature Review Race Several studies were conducted to examine the role of race in inmate adjustment process and prison misconduct, especially prison violence. There were indications that there is a direct relationship between race and violent prison misconduct. Those findings support theories such as prison adjustment and subculture of violence, which say that minority groups have higher rates of violence in prison society than white inmates (DeLisi et al., 2004; Griffin Hepburn, 2006; Gillespie, W., 2005; Jiang Fisher-Giorlando, 2002; Steiner Wooldredge, 2009). According to Wayne Gillespie (2005), Caucasian inmates appear less likely to engage in most types of misconduct compared to African American and Hispanic inmates. Blacks are more likely than Whites to evoke protective violent responses to perceived dangerous situations or threats of physical injury by aggressive, violent behavior aimed at protecting self or preventing retaliation (Gillespie, W., 2005). Age Age and prison violence had an inverse relationship. The older inmates were, the less likely they were to be involved in violent prison misconduct. Younger inmates were significantly more likely to be involved in violent prison misconduct. This relationship was widespread throughout all the studies (Cunningham Sorensen, 2007; DeLisi et al., 2004; Griffin Hepburn, 2006; Jiang Fisher-Giorlando, 2005; Ruddell et al., 2006; Sorensen Cunningham, 2008). Education and Employment Research shows an inverse relationship between level of education and rates of prison misconduct. As level of education increased, involvement in violent prison misconduct decreased (Cunningham Sorensen, 2007; DeLisi et al., 2004; Wooldredge et al., 2001). As stated by Wooldredge, Griffin, and Pratt (2001), inmates who were employed prior to incarceration were less likely to be involved in violent prison misconduct. This group was more invested in conforming because they had more to lose. Inmates who worked prior incarceration were more likely than other inmates to be concerned with going home and continuing employment. Family Ties Social and family support was inversely related to violent prison misconduct (Cunningham Sorensen, 2007; DeLisi et al., 2004; Jiang Fisher-Giorlando, 2005; Wooldredge et al., 2001). Inmates with less social and familial support committed significantly more acts of serious prison violence (DeLisi et al., 2004). Moreover, inmates who made and received more telephone calls from children were less likely to commit violent rule violations (Jiang, Fisher-Giorlando Mo, 2005). According to Jiang and colleagues (2005) inmates with strong family ties had more to lose if they were involved in violent prison misconduct. Sources of family support included mail, telephone calls, and visitations. Rule violations could result in loss of visiting privileges, which is a strong source of strengthening family ties. Length of Sentence The relationship between length of current sentence that inmates are serving and violent prison misconduct is debatable. Inmates with shorter sentences were more likely to commit violent acts. Short term sentenced inmates were usually younger and they still possessed a street mentality. Inmates with longer sentences were usually older and appeared to better understand the need to co-exist with other inmates as well as correctional staff (Wooldredge et al., 2001). Security Level Several studies showed that security level is a predictor of rule violation (Camp et al., 2003; Jiang Fisher-Giorlando, 2002; Steiner Wooldredge, 2008). To be more specific, inmates residing in working cell-blocks and dormitories are less likely than are those in lock-down cell-blocks to commit violence and incidents against correctional staff (Jiang Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). Prison Environment Prison environment exerts an influence on inmate misconduct, especially interpersonal violence (Blackburn et al., 2007; Camp et al., 2003; Steiner Wooldredge, 2008). Research conducted by Camp et al., (2003) indicated that prison’s organizational factors influenced inmates’ behavior that led to violent misconduct. Furthermore, institutions with inexperienced staff had greater report numbers of inmate misconduct. Moreover, prison crowding, as one of the ecological factors, influenced inmate behavior because it produces intermediate psychological states, such as depression that then lead to misconduct (Camp et al., 2003). Gender Previous studies showed that gender was inversely related to violent prison misconduct (Blackburn et al., 2007; Camp et al., 2003; Wolff et al., 2009). Male inmates reported higher percentage of physical victimization perpetrated by staff, although percentage of inmate on inmate physical victimization was equal for male and female inmates (Wolff et al., 2009). This suggests gender-patterned interactions between inmate and staff in which male inmates compared to female inmates are more aggressive against authority figures. In summary, what is known from the literature reviewed is that some factors might influence inmates’ behavior. What is missing is the correlation between those factors and prison violent misconduct, which is addressed by my study. Key variables identified in the reviewed literature are race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level and prison environment, which are incorporated into the study’s methodology as surve y and focus group questions. Theoretical Review To explain inmate behavior in prison three major theoretical models have been proposed. They are the deprivation, importation, and situational models. A true explanation of violent inmate misconduct lies in a combination of those three theories. However, the importation model can be use as the most legitimate singular explanation of violent prison misconduct. The main focus of an importation model is on the influence of pre- prison socialization and experience of the inmate on his/her behavior while being incarcerated (Jiang Fisher- Giorlando, 2002). According to Jiang Fisher- Giorlando (2002) inmates’ behavior can be largely determine by their distinctive traits and social backgrounds. The importation model is a reflection of a pre- prison norms and beliefs system of an inmate rather than a result of incarceration in a facility (Irvin Cressey, 1962; as cited in Jiang Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). As importation model implies inmate behavior while being behind the bars is an extension of the antisocial behaviors that criminal offenders developed in the community (DeLisi et al., 2004). Research Design The research design that I used was the analysis of an existing database. I downloaded and analyzed an existing data source from the National Archives of Criminal Justice Data, which can be found at www.ICPSR.org. The data source that I downloaded and analyzed has number 24642 and the title of it is Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities. The principle investigator of this study is United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, and the time period is January 1st, 2005 to December 30th, 2005. I chose this dataset because it contains the information needed to do my study on prison violence misconduct. The 2005 Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities is the seventh enumeration of State institutions and the fourth of Federal institutions sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and its predecessors. Earlier censuses were completed in 1974, 1979, 1984, 1990, 1995 and 2000. The facility universe was developed from the Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities conducted in 2000. In 2000, data were collected from 84 federal facilities and 1,584 non-federal facilities operating on June 30th, 2000. In 2005, each State’s Department of Corrections was contacted to identify new facilities and facilities that had been closed since June 2000. Telephone follow-ups were carried out during 2006. All but one respondent-State of Illinois- participated in the Census.My study determines if in a time period between January 1st, 2005 and December 30th, 2005, the correctional facilities used in existing dataset 24642 experienced physical or sexual assaults, misconduct against correctional staff and misconduct against other inmates. The response options for dependent variables have values such as: 1 which is label Yes, 2 which is label No, and 9 or 999 which is label Missing. This study aims to determine if independent variables such as race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level, prison environment and gender have a strong correlation with the dependent variables. Data Analysis For my analyses, I used SPSS Statistics program in version 18.0. I ran frequencies and descriptive tests on both dependent and independent variables. Moreover, I ran ANOVA and t-test to test how facility security levels and race/ethnicity of the inmates impact or don’t the amount of violence. Results Table 1: Age of the inmates residing in the facilities during the 1- year period of 2005 (Independent Variable). |Descriptive Statistics | | | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid |Yes |475 |26.1 |28.6 | As seen in Table 2, during the 1-year period of 2005, 28.6 percent of facilities indicated that yes, there were physical or sexual assaults. The other 71.4 percent indicated that there were no physical or sexual assaults. As seen below in Table 3, during the same year period there was an average of just under 16 inmate-on-inmate assaults at facilities. I also ran a frequency table of staff deaths by inmates, but there were very few. Table 3: During the 1- year period of 2005 how many inmate on inmates assaults (Dependent Variable). | | | | | |N |Minimum |Maximum |Mean | | | | | | | |Y1_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 AND 12/30/2005 WERE THERE PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ASSAULTS | The results in the above tables test my hypothesis about how facility security levels impact (or don’t) the amount of violence, using three different measures of the dependent variable: physical or sexual assaults; inmate deaths; and inmate-on-inmate assaults. I ran three ANOVA (analysis of variance) tests, and the results are shown above. Only the ANOVA tests for Y1 and Y3 were statistically significant. There was no difference by security level in the number of staff deaths by inmates, probably because those were low to begin with. However, in terms of physical and sexual assaults (Y1), these were highest at minimum and low-security facilities (mean =1.91). In terms of inmate-on-inmate assaults, these were highest Maximum/close/high facilities, with an average of nearly 34 assaults by inmates on other inmates in 2005. Table 7: Type of Violence by Race/Ethnicity | | |Y1_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 |Y3_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 | | | |AND 12/30/2005 WERE |AND 12/30/2005 HOW | | | |THERE PHYSICAL OR |MANY INMATE ON | | | |SEXUAL ASSAULTS |INMATES ASSAULTS | |X1_race_white |Pearson Correlation |-.391(**) |.341(**) | | |Sig. (2-tailed) |.000 |.000 | | |N |1631 |1665 | |X1_race_black |Pearson Correlation |-.453(**) |.392(**) | | |Sig. (2-tailed) |.000 |.000 | | |N |1625 |1657 | |X1_race_ethnicity_Hispanic |Pearson Correlation |-.290(**) |.202(**) | | |Sig. (2-tailed) |.000 |.000 | | |N |1450 |1479 | ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). As seen above in Table 7, both White and Black race, as well as Hispanic ethnicity, were statistically significantly related to dependent variables Y1 and Y3. Y2 is not shown in the table format because neither race nor ethnicity was related to staff deaths by inmates. Again, this may be due to the small number of staff deaths. An odd pattern emerges: Y1 (number of physical and sexual assaults) was significantly and negatively related to all three race/ethnicity variables. On the other hand, Y3 (number of inmate-on-inmate assaults) was positively and significantly related to all three race/ethnicity variables. The reasons for this are not clear, but may have something to do with the meaning of the questions asked for Y1 and Y3. As for the size of the correlation coefficient, it is the highest for Blacks (r= -.453 and .392), next highest for Whites (r= -.391 and .341), and lowest for Hispanics (r= -.29 and .202). Discussion To return to my first original hypothesis that violent prison misconduct is more prevalent among African-American and Hispanic inmates than Caucasians or any other ethnic group I have to say that my findings only partially support that statement. According to my results violence among or by African- American inmates appears to be the highest, and is followed by violence among or by White inmates. However, violence by or among Hispanic inmates is the lowest comparing it to violence among or by other races. Moreover, my findings on the impact of security level of facility on prison violence were not exactly what I expected because they differ depending on a type of an assault. Therefore, they partially support my second hypothesis that inmates who are residing in maximum-security facilities are more violent than inmates residing in medium or minimum-security facilities, especially towards correctional staff. I found that counter to what I expected, super-maximum facilities are not the most dangerous correctional institutions but they have the highest inmate on inmate number of assaults. Findings from this study about how race impact prison violence partially support what I have found previously in the literature review. According to Wayne Gillespie (2005) and my findings White inmates less likely engage in most types of misconduct compared to African-American inmates but not Hispanic inmates. However, my results on the impact of security level of facility and prison violence are interesting because they do support the findings mentioned in the literature review. All the findings suggest that security level does affect the amount of in-facility violence, but that differs by the type of violence. Limitation of the Study While conducting my research by using existing database I had to face a few problems with it. First of all, the database I found had a lot of variables, which had a value that was missing. Second of all, when I ran the tests such as descriptive or frequencies it was hard to describe the results because they were confusing. I wasn’t sure in some cases if the results showed me the number of inmates or the number of facilities. I tried to go back and find the answers in the codebook, which didn’t really contain much more information than the database. Moreover, the meaning of the questions that were asked, especially for dependent variables, wasn’t clear and I believe it impacted somehow the results of the tests I ran. References Blackburn, A. G., Mullings, J. L., Marquart, J. W., Trulson, C. R. (2007). The next generation of prisoners: Toward an understanding of violent institutionalized delinquents. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 35-56. Document ID: 1541204006295156. Camp, S. D., Gaes, G. G., Langan, N. P., Saylor, W. G. (2003). The influence of prisons on inmate misconduct: A multilevel investigation. Justice Quarterly, JQ, 20(3), 501-533. Document ID: 434413761. Cunningham, M. D., Sorensen, J. R. (2007). Predictive factors for violent misconduct in close custody. The Prison Journal, 87(2), 241-253. Document ID: 0032885507303752. DeLisi, M., Berg, M. T., Hochstetler, A. (2004). Gang members, career criminals and prison violence: Further specification of the importation model of inmate behavior. Criminal Justice Studies, 17(4), 369-383. Document ID: 10.1080/1478601042000314883. Gillespie Wayne, (2005). Racial differences in violence and self-esteem among prison inmates. American Journal of Criminal Justice: AJCJ, 29(2), 161-V. Document ID: 972985931. Griffin, M. L., Hepburn, J. R. (2006). The effects of gang affiliation on violent misconduct among inmates during the early years of confinement. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(4), 419-448. Document ID: 0093854806288038. Irvin, J., Cressey, D. (1962). Thieves, convicts, and the inmate culture. Social Problems, 10, 142-155. Jiang, S., Fisher-Giorlando, M. (2002). Inmate misconduct: A test of the deprivation, importation, and situational models. The Prison Journal, 82(3), 335-358. Document ID: 003288550208200303. Jiang, S., Fisher-Giorlando, M., Mo, L. (2005). Social support and inmate rule violation: A multilevel analysis. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(1), 71-89. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com Ruddell, R., Decker, S. H., Egley Jr., A. (2006). Gang intervention in jails: A national analysis. Criminal Justice Review, 31(1), 33-46. Document ID: 0734016806288263. Sorensen, J., Cunningham, M.D. (2008). Conviction offense and prison violence: A comparative study of murderers and other offenders. Crime and Delinquency, 56(1), 103-125. Document ID: 0011128707307175. Steiner, B., Wooldredge, J. (2008). Inmate versus environmental effects on prison rule violations. Criminal Justice and Behavioral, 35(4), 438. Document ID: 1455568521. Wolff, N., Shi, J., Siegel, J. (2009). Patterns of vict imization among male and female inmates: Evidence of an Enduring Legacy. Violence and Victims, 24(4), 469-84. Document ID: 1825737261. Wooldredge, J., Griffin, T., Pratt, T. (2001). Considering hierarchical models for research on inmate behavior: Predicting misconduct with multilevel data. Justice Quarterly, 18(1), 203-231. Retrieved from http:// proquest.umi.com

A Studentss Guide to First-Year Writing Essays -- Personal Narrative

A Students's Guide to First-Year Writing My Literacy in America Gloomy. That’s how I remember my year of kindergarten. It may not have been quite as dim as my memory shows, but my fear darkened that phase. I am not quite sure how my age affected my perception of things, but my first memories of this country I don’t regard as pleasant. If I had come to the United States as an infant, I would have been better off. Not only because infants don’t communicate using words, but also because my stage in literacy did not coincide with my peers’. As a five-year-old, most of us have already learned to speak. I was five, just like all the other children, and I spoke as the other children did, but I spoke Portuguese and my classmates spoke English. In essence, I was racing with time. Although my age blinded my insight toward the race, I was trying to catch up to my peers in that I had to learn to speak, as well as follow the new things taught to us in kindergarten. Though the objectives in kindergarten are nothing native English speakers would consider challenging, for me the word â€Å"nap† stood as an obstacle! My first day is as clear as a sliding glass door. I walked into the classroom hesitantly, frightened of what the new surroundings would entail. At first the other children didn’t notice my differences because my physical appearance differed only slightly from my new classmates’. But it wasn’t long until they discovered the new addition to the class. The American kindergarteners formed a circle around me. To them, I must have been this neat new kid who came from a whole other continent. For me, they were attackers, and their weapon was the tongue. I cringed at every foreign word shot at me. How could they be so... ...lways pictured it as a task to accomplish so that I could fit in with my colleagues. After the death of my uncle, because the language was a connection to him, I found myself using the language to provide a link to him. As I progressed from grade school to higher education, I realized that I had grown to like reading and writing. I often listened to the complaints of assignments from my peers, and I could rarely identify with them. "I think this paper is going to be fun"; don’t be caught dead saying that out loud! At this stage in my life I find enjoyment in having time to convey my emotions on paper out of free will. I can’t imagine how I would feel if a sudden lapse appeared in my schedule and I could read for my own gratification. I would go ballistic! Since these incidents are highly unlikely, I will be content in polishing my skills through schoolwork.

Alcoholism results in health problems

Alcoholism can be described as a psychiatric disorder and nearly fourteen percent of the people suffer from this disorder. Generally this disorder is accompanied by various other psychological disorders such as anxiety, unstable mental condition and a deviant personality.Alcoholism results in health problems that could result in death and it is usually not identified in the traditional clinics (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).At present, the availability of screening instruments is of great help in recognizing that problem of drinking, which is known as the pre – alcoholism condition.The mortality rate due to alcohol is estimated at a hundred thousand deaths per annum. Moreover, alcohol abuse accounts for morbidity and mortality. Some of the other disadvantages associated with alcohol abuse are social and legal problems, violence and accidents (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).Dependence on alcohol is on the increase and it leads to the abuse of alcohol. The pro blem of alcohol abuse is not restricted only to men but is also present in women. Therefore it can be concluded that the incidence of alcoholism is increasing in society irrespective of the sex of the person concerned. Alcoholism starts as a habit in adolescence and forty percent of alcoholics develop it between the ages of fifteen years and nineteen years (Helzer JE, 1991).Alcoholism has been recognized to be more prevalent in males since the number of male alcoholics is more than that of females. However, the research conducted by Oregon Health & Science University and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center reveals that female alcoholics are more susceptible to undergo damage of the cells in the brain due to alcohol abuse than male alcoholics (Alcohol Abuse More Likely To Cause Brain Damage In Females, 2007 ).Alcohol controls the central nervous system and acts as a depressant, consequently, the consumption of large amounts of alcohol would result in the inhibition of excitatory centers in the brain. Some of the indications of alcohol abuse are impairment of rational thinking, deprivation of motor coordination in the body, cirrhosis of the liver, presence of peptic ulcers, gastritis, pancreatitis and carcinoma. A few examples of the cardiovascular effects of the abuse of alcohol are hypertension and cardiomyopathy (Amy Cohagan, 2005 ).Alcohol inhibits neurological activities and results in peripheral neuropathy which could lead to ataxia, wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff psychosis and brain damage and dementia. Male alcoholics generally suffer from impotency caused by the deficit of the testosterone hormone, which is inhibited by alcohol.This hormonal deficiency results in testicular atrophy and gynecomastia. In females, fetal alcohol syndrome could occur, which damages the fetus and thus the new born would be at risk of suffering from mental retardation, facial deformity and other neurologic problems (Amy Cohagan, 2005 ).Society can prevent alcoholism t o a major extent by prohibiting advertisements pertaining to alcoholic beverages and by severely restricting their availability. In addition, physicians can appraise their patients about the pitfalls of consuming alcohol (Goodwin).The modern day world is beset with the scourge of alcohol abuse, especially in the developed world. The worst fallout of alcoholism is the increasing addiction in adolescents and young adults, because it engenders an increase in the loss of life. Moreover, traffic accidents increase exponentially due to drunken driving.Doctors, employers, society and a person’s family constitute a number of important social groups that can contribute to a major extent in preventing a person from becoming an alcoholic. This is due to the fact that family members have a greater influence and are therefore eminently suited to highlight the dangers inherent in becoming an alcoholic. Moreover, it is possible for employers to employ economic and compassionate strategies t o discourage this malaise.ReferencesAlcohol Abuse More Likely To Cause Brain Damage In Females. ( 2007 , July 30 ). Retrieved August 14, 2007, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/77987.phpAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.Amy Cohagan, D. ( 2005 , March 16). Alcohol and Substance Abuse Evaluation. Retrieved August 14, 2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic20.htmGoodwin, D. W. (n.d.). Attacking the problem. Retrieved August 14, 2007, from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hxh&AN=7553701&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-liveHelzer JE, B. A. (1991). Alcohol abuse and dependence. Psychiatric disorders in America: the epidemiological catchment area study , New York: Maxwell Macmillan International,81-115.

Edgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado - 2158 Words

Edgar Allan Poe; a famous all American Poet, short story writer and critic. Some of his most famous writings include Raven and The Cask of Amontillado. His writings all include horror or some type of mystery. Edgar did not have the â€Å"white picket fence† type of life. His was like riding on a rollercoaster, full of difficulties, but he turned out to be a writing genius. But I think that alcohol, and unsupportive family impacted Poe’s writing style, as well as the difficulties in his life. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809 to Eliza and David Jr, who were traveling actors, members of a repertory company in Boston. Before Edgar was three, both his parents passed away. John Allan, a wealthy tobacco farmer from Richmond, Virginia, raised him from there on, even though Allan never officially adopted him. By age 13, he had written enough poetry to publish a book, but his headmaster persuaded him not to. However, Poe attended the best schools available and went to University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1825. Although Poe was academically distinguished, he was forced to leave after less than a year due to bad debts and no financial support from Allan. He returned to Richmond to his fiancà ©s home but found out she was engaged to someone else. In 1827, Poe published his first book, â€Å"Tamerlane† and a few other poems at age 18. Then the only mother he had ever known had died of tuberculosis. Poe enlisted in the US Military Academy at West Point. AllanShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source