Facts and Key Figures in the Battle of Gettysburg

American Revolution Causes and Importance - 1099 Words

Question: Discuss the causes of the American Revolution. Which cause was most important? Why? Mariah Gutierrez History 1301 Professor Harris September 29, 2013 The American Revolution was a major war within America that got the United States their independence and showed others that they were not a weak nation. There were many causes that lead up to this war and had a great effect on it. The first war we see is the French and Indian War (1754-1763), also called the Seven Years War; this war was fought between the French and the British over territory.1 The British were defeated by the French and therefore became an ally with the Indians, bringing them into the war.2†¦show more content†¦The colonists desired to have their own nation, but the British government continued to place laws and rules over them so they would not lose rule over them. First they were taxed for printed papers they used, but they did not submit to that law. Next they were being taxed on imported good, which they also denounced and began to not take the imported goods from the British (boycott). The colonists were tired of having the British government ruling over them and not allowing them create their own laws and systems. They finally took a stand and had created a war that won them their independence. The end of the war was a time for rejoicing for the Americans proved that they could stand up for themselves and are a nation of their own. They no longer needed any one to rule over them, they were able to rule over themselves. From this war the Americans created many laws and documents pertaining to their independence and laws to help them better their nation. America is what it is today due to this war! Notes 1. U.S Department of State Office of the Historian, â€Å" French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War, 1754-63†, http://www.history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/FrenchIndianwar, (accessed September 22, 2013) 2. Ibid. 3. History, â€Å"Stamp Act†, http://www.history.com/topics/stamp-act, (accessed September 22, 2013). 4. History, â€Å"Townshend Act†, http://www.history.com/topics/townshend-acts, (accessed September 22,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Forced Founders By Woody Holton1261 Words   |  6 PagesSlaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia, Woody Holton argues that the causes of the Revolutionary War are different than what most people once concluded. Although many Americans believe that George Washington and Thomas Jefferson are the men who led this revolution, Holton brings up a new theory on how the war began. As Holtons title states, he believes that Indians, debtors, and slaves had a bigger role in the making of the American Revolution. Throughout the entire novelRead MoreHow Revolutionary Was the American Revolution?1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution would lead one of the greatest countries in the world. A superpower, at the forefront of innovation. It would become an example, a beacon, for freedom, and liberty everywhere. But how much of this was really due to the American Revolution? The American Revolution was truly revolutionary in many ways, including the new ideas of Political Equality of the Classes, Inalienable Rights, and Consent of the Governed. The American Revolution caused the movement of Political EqualityRead MorePaving the Way for the American Revolution Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Revolution paved the way for democratic rule in nations and ignited the spreading of the idea throughout the whole world. However, the events that led up the spark of the revolution have been varied in their importance by historians. Some historians believed that the revolution was an external event whose primary cause was the political differences between the colonists and their British rulers. While others, were more concerned with the economic and social aspects of the American RevolutionRead MoreEssay on Causes of the American Revolution612 Words   |  3 Pages From 1763, Americans had only to be convinced that an arbitrary ruler- whether Parliament or King-was violating their inherent rights, to feel that rebellion was justified. This conviction was bred in them by the series of events that occurred between 1763 and 1776. The language used to protest the British Acts was legal, and political. But the primary cause of the Revolution was economics. In theory the colonists accepted the principle that natural laws rather than royal decreesRead MoreEnlightenment And The Great Awakening814 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic and political freedom. American and British tensions grew in this time period due to Britain wanting America to be under the king’s control. Enlightenment, the Great Awakening, the Founding Fathers, and different social groups changed the ideas of freedom and equality. During the American Revolution, the idea of freedom changed from Enlightenment and the Founding Father’s ideas of economic freedom, to equality in social groups such as slaves, Native Americans, and woman. Enlightenment andRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1184 Words   |  5 PagesA revolution is not an event that comes around every few years. In fact, for an event to be considered a revolution that event must bring about significant political, social, ideological, religious or even technological change. Throughout history there have been some very noteworthy revolutions such as the Agricultural Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. Of all the revolutions in history, it is perhaps the French Revolution that remains the most romanticized in the mindsRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121461 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution resulted in a shift from agriculture to industrial factories. In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution, which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also led to great improvements of the economy and society. The Industrial Revolution first beganRead MoreOut Break of the American Revolution1076 Words   |  5 PagesOutbreak of the American Revolution 2 The connection between Britain and the English colonies was that of the ruling of the colonies by the king of Britain, King George III and his parliament. The king’s ruling was very unfavorable for the colonists because of his tyrannic dictatorship and unjustly taxations. The mere thought of an island ruling an entire continent thousands of miles away with poor communication and lack of supervision of the colonies by the king, did not work in favor of theRead MoreIntroduction Of The American Industrial Revolution1467 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction of the American Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution resulted in a shift from agriculture to industrial factories. In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution, which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also led to great improvements ofRead MoreThe Identity Of The American Revolution1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe identity of the American colonists prior to the American Revolution was still work in progress because there were certain events that helped shape their identity and led to the American Revolution. The American colonies were trying to break away from the British control because they wanted to become independent and be their own nation. Once the British began to realize the intentions of the colonists, they began to create laws, acts, and other forms things to keep t he colonists under their control

Internal (SWOT) Analysis Of Coles Supermarkets VRIN Model - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Internal Analysis of Coles Supermarkets. Answer: Introduction Corporations in order to become competitive within the scope of their industry develop various strategies(Stacey, 2007). In order to establish core competencies corporations make extensive analysis of internal and external environment. While external environment helps corporations establish successful strategies, internal capabilities and processes are the determining factors for strategic choices. Strategies help determine long term outlook for organizations and establish the scope of their activities. Thus, in order to address a corporations business environment, resources and competencies are extended which form values and expectations for various stakeholders. There are three levels of strategy that a corporation establishes corporate level strategy, business level strategy and operational level strategy(Ambrosini, 2009). The scope of the current report focuses on development and establishment of operational strategy of Coles supermarkets in Australia. Coles supermarkets are a retail chain business owned by Wesfarmers in Australia(coles.com.au, Retrieved on 17th March 2017). The Company has been established in 1914 and has its headquarters based in Hawthorne East in Melbourne, Australia. The company is operational in Australia and New Zealand, and is currently based across 776 locations with several supermarkets and retail stores. The current Managing Director of the Company is John Durkan and its earns an annual revenue of AUD$ 33.00 billion. The company has over a lac employee and it has extended online shopping experience to its customers based on resources and capabilities. Literature Review Organization forms competitive strategies according to its resources, capabilities and competence such that they can develop sustainable competitive advantage(Miller, 2010). Sustainable competitive advantage can be rendered by an organization when resources or capabilities are valued, rare, inimitability and non-substitutable. Combined criteria which help determine competitive advantage of an organization is through the VRIN model. Value of strategic capabilities is when an organization is capable of acting on an opportunity and reduces its threats(Ireland, 2008). These valued proposition of the organization deliver advantage to customers and potential competitive advantage as well. Such proposition needs to be at a cost that provides the organization with minimum rate of returns. In the VRIN framework to deliver competitive advantage to customers primary activities of the company are integrated into support activities such that tremendous margins can be generated. Rare capabilities constitute those which belong to a particular organization only. While valued items continues to provide benefits to the organization, rare capabilities might be patent, publicity that may be short lived(Su, 2009). Inimitability capabilities constitute those aspects of a business that are not easy imitable by competitors. For a capability to provide sustenance to a particular form of business, competencies need to be linked or integrated in the way such capabilities are rendered. Non-substitutability is an aspect of business that reduces threat from substitution(Paulraj, 2011). These mainly constitutes of skills and competence that are not easily coped to opted by competitors. Internal Analysis- VRIN Model Every business conducts a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) analysis of its existing capabilities. Post such SWOT for internal capabilities has been conducted can only the organization decided on its VRIN model framework(Knott, 2009). Value-A resource or capability of Coles Supermarkets is its unique store design. The attractive store design of the organization provides opportunities to attract customers to avail the reduced price opportunity. There are a number of multinational retailers in Australia, Coles through its online store and fresh food delivery have been able to reduce threats from them considerably as Tesco, Waitrose, Metro and so on(Luxton, 2015). Coles due to backward integration with Wesfarmers is easily able to provide various raw fruits and vegetables items from cooperative at low costs, at a marginal rate of return. Hence, it provides value additional to the firm along with its other retail products. Rare capabilities of Coles constitute its capabilities to deliver its customers fresh products(Oliver, 2008). This aspect of the business is however not extended to customers who are residing outside of a given periphery. Outside of this periphery the products might lose its freshness and it will no more constitute rare capabilities of a firm. Coles Organic is an unique brand proposition of the Company whereby it is sourcing organically produced and farmed vegetables as well as meat to its customers. These products do not make use of any type of chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides for growing such crops or vegetables. Such products make organically certifies chemicals only. Coles Simply Less has high market share as it has been designed for health conscious customers by providing them healthier alternatives. For Coles, inimitability aspect rarely exists as its business in the retail sector functions according to rest of its competitors. The business sustainable competence is derived from its value chain whereby its suppliers and distributors are tactfully integrated(Uddin, 2010). This value chain of the business exists post Wesfarmers acquisition of Coles and is continuing to provide major advantage to the organization. The Company is based from Australia, hence its cultural integrity as well as adaptation renders it high competitive advantage. Non-substitutability for Coles Supermarket products is very low. In retail businesses most players have developed their private label branded product category in order that they can gain a significant market share(Talaja, 2012). While fresh food and vegetable items are most desired by the consumers of the Company, other products constitute resemblance to other products. Though the product development team within Coles works towards generating value for the Company products, there are almost nil products that are non-substitutable in nature. Coles introduction of mixed clothing range has created a unique buzz in the market and has taken market by surprise. The clothing brand has attracted tremendous attention and is currently competing with major brands in the country. The Company aims to make this brand occupy major market share in the country and create a unique proposition for the business. As the clothing business has already a greater brand extension for the Company. Coles Supermarkets provide maximum value to its customers by means of the integrated value chain present. The Company is located at various points throughout the country and also in New Zealand. It aims to provide unique advantage to it by means of its supply delivery systems. Its unique feature is to provide its customers best of valued products at affordable prices. For this the Company sources most of its products from farmers and producers of goods. Wesfarmers has provided the Company with backward integration that let it become a leading retailer in the country. Customer feedback provides high level of satisfaction associated with products and services at Coles Supermarkets. Customers believe that the price at which the Company offers its valued products is uniquely. Currently the Company holds around 80% of the market share which is on a gradual diminishing state the Company has to innovate in order to further extend its capabilities. Coles adopts aggressive marketing strategy which helps it to increase its brand value and customer visibility. The Company adopts a varied promotional strategy as quiz programs, propagating slogans and other ways to attract various customers. It has offered its customers shopping experience from sitting at the comfort of their homes and getting delivery accordingly. Recently, it has adopted internet retailing as a means to advertise and brand its products. Conclusion Strategic capabilities which are internal to a Company can act in a great way to deliver competitive advantage. Whether such competitive advantages will render sustainable or non-sustainable ways in which resources are organized. Coles has resources as well as capabilities which can help it emerge as a leading retail store in Australia. The Company is also aggressively promoting its private label branded products. Such generic products have a mid-price line that provides budgeted household essentials and grocery items. It has established an array of generic brand names as Coles Smart buy, Coles Finest, Coles Green Choice, Coles Organic, Coles Simply Gluten Free, Coles Simply Less and Mix Clothing to cater to market better. In fresh product lists the Company is also offering halal and kosher products which have high market share. Thus, it is the resource and capabilities of the Company that enable it to exists in the market place and compete with its competitors. Reference Lists Ambrosini, V., Bowman, C. (2009). What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management?.International journal of management reviews,11(1), 29-49. coles.com.au. (Retrieved on 17th March 2017). Company Profile. https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles/centenary. Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E. (2008).The Management of Strategy: Concepts Cases. Evans Publishing Group. Knott, P. (2009). Integrating resource-based theory in a practice-relevant form.Journal of Strategy and Management,2(2), 163-174. Luxton, S., Reid, M., Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), 37-46. Miller, W. D. (2010).Value maps: valuation tools that unlock business wealth. John Wiley Sons. Oliver, C., Holzinger, I. (2008). The effectiveness of strategic political management: A dynamic capabilities framework.Academy of Management Review,33(2), 496-520. Paulraj, A. (2011). Understanding the relationships between internal resources and capabilities, sustainable supply management and organizational sustainability.Journal of Supply Chain Management,47(1), 19-37 Stacey, R. D. (2007).Strategic management and organisational dynamics: The challenge of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations. Pearson education. Su, Y. S., Tsang, E. W., Peng, M. W. (2009). How do internal capabilities and external partnerships affect innovativeness?.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,26(2), 309-331. Talaja, A. (2012). Testing VRIN framework: resource value and rareness as sources of competitive advantage and above average performance.Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues,17(2), 51-64. Uddin, M. N. (2010).Impact of Knowledge Management and Inter-organisational Systems on Supply Chain Performance: The Case of the Australian Agri-food Industry. Curtin University of Technology.

Marketing For Nokia

Question- Write a Report on how to doMarketing For Nokia? Table of Contents Introduction 4 Ps of Nokia Control and Evaluation Conclusion References Introduction Nokia is one of the leading manufacturers of cellular phones across the Telecommunications Industry. The company has contributed significantly in the mobile telephony industry and also assisted the development of GSM standards in the mobile world. This company was incorporated in the Year 1967 in Finland. 4 Ps of Nokia The Marketing Mix is a useful tool in the hands of companies for successful brand offerings of their respective products in the markets. This tool comprises of 4 Ps of marketing at address the nature of the Product, price, promotion and Place of the offerings (Banting and Ross, 2010). Let us analyze the 4 Ps for Brand Nokia: Product The simple and easy featured product was indeed the core benefit that attracted most of the customers towards the brand Nokia before the smart phone age. The company Nokia has currently tied up with Microsoft for offering smart phones in the Market. The mobile phones offered are in variety of designs such as slide sets, flip sets, sets with rotating cameras, touch screen phones etc. Nokia Lumina and Nokia Asha are the top selling products of this brand (Versace, 2013). Place The efficient distribution channels of this company are the key support for the company in bringing its products to the markets. The company offers its products in the markets through various retailers and distributors who are established players in the mobile operation business. Price The smart phone prices for Nokia are in the range of Rs 5,000 to Rs 50,000 depending upon the variety of features that these phones offer. Promotion Television, Radio and print Advertisement are the key promotion avenues for the company. Control and Evaluation The company Nokias missions to rebuild its leadership position in the competitive markets where almost every competitors is offering smart phones with advanced features. The Company endeavors to progress and gain control of the market competition through its strategic tie up with Microsoft (Wearden, 2011). The threat from the existing rivals is evaluated to be the most serious business sustenance risk for the company. However the companys research and developmental team has managed to create some attractive products in its Lumina series that are attracting good demand in the markets (Brown, 2012). The company can retake the charge of its leadership status in the markets with consistent efforts of developing innovative products with latest technologies and impressive designs. The company is also looking forward to implement differentiation strategy in its product development to win the fierce market competition. Conclusion The company Nokia is currently at a critical mode, wherein significant change is desired in terms of Product Up gradation by adapting to the latest smart phone technologies as offered by its competitors. The company may also adapt better promotion methods to communicate with the target audience of the new offerings planned by the company. References Banting Peter, Ross Randolph, 2010, The Marketing Mix, Journal of Academy of Marketing science, pp- 102-115. Brown Abraham, 2012, Nokia looks more promising after painful, but necessary job cuts. Drucker, P., 1973, Management: Task, Responsibilities and Practices, New York: Harper and Row Kotler Philip, 2012, Marketing Management Pearson Education. Versace Christopher, 2013, If not together, whats ahead for Nokia and Microsoft? Wearden Graeme, 2011, Nokia and Microsoft sign strategic tie-up.

Response to a Midsummer Nights Dream free essay sample

I grew interested in the play’s conflict, since it seems modern day typical. I, for one, enjoy watching love stories and dramas. This play, served just that purpose. Reading of the avenged lover’s, Hermia and Lysander, plan to run into the forest to marry seemed likely to be seen on a Wednesday night, 9:00PM, drama series. Which, I absolutely love! Then, the play takes a twist from reality. Helena acquires information related to Hermia and Lysander’s plan to marry, which provides her initiative to tell Demetrius. She intends on winning back the love of Demetrius. The two of them go out in search of the Lysander and Hermia, and find that they’ve all landed themselves in a forest filled with â€Å"fairies. † When introduced to the idea of fairies, I was a bit distraught. I was filled with enjoyment because the plot seemed so realistic! Discouraged from reading the play, I found myself wondering, what on earth could be the position of these fairies in the forest? Noticing that I was wondering about the fairies, made me realize that I actually was interested; otherwise I wouldn’t be thinking about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Response to a Midsummer Nights Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What a premeditated man Shakespeare is! These fairies were passionate about disrupting the love affairs of surrounding humans. Ha! He just made it more interesting. By entrance into the fairy-infested woods, the romantic lives of these couples converted to very complicated. Oberon, the King, and Titania, the Queen of all the forest fairies lead and direct Puck, or Robin, as he achieves his mischievous tactics. Oberon, decided upon mismatching the lovers as a consequence for their disturbance. He refers Puck to the power of a magical, love-bringing flower. A flower that can literally teach someone to love, why can’t we have that in real life? Puck, being clumsily skillful, uses the magic against the wrong person! He played the magic trick on Lysander instead of Demetrius, the intended target. As a result, he falls in love with the first person he see’s after awakening, Helena. Trying to undo his mistake, Puck makes Demetrius fall in love with Helena as well. Hermia is now very upset. He created pure chaos, and just the way I like it. Firstly, I am not a fan of the comedy in this play. However, Shakespeare casually, yet competently, creates a mix of humor and love. The artisans are portrayed as foolish while imitating the play of â€Å"Pyramis and Thysby. They mock words in the play, for instance when Bottom says, â€Å"Thisbe, the flowers of odious savors sweet—,† Quince corrects him with, â€Å"Odors,† â€Å"odors. † â€Å"Odious† is another word for unpleasant, while â€Å"odors† pertains to the fragrant smell of â€Å"sweet† flowers. It makes me snicker at the th ought of messing up a line so simple and a word so ironic from it’s original. Yet it feels unrelated and sort of disconnects my thought from the play. I will however say, the thought of the Athenian’s head turning into that of an Ass is a bit amusing. I find that humor is necessary when writing works filled with such seriousness and drama, it just happens to be that I am not a fan. I found this play exciting and pleasantly full of drama. Shakespeare’s works of literature are all fabulous in many different ways through use of common themes such as love and dreams. The love of these couples was at first true, but then foolishly played around with. Hermia felt mocked by Lysander and Demetrius, a feeling that most females often feel when men act in this manner. She was accustomed to these men being in love with her, and then they suddenly were in love with Helena. By morning Puck is able to undo all the spells, making all well again. They engage in a group wedding, marrying Helena and Demetrius, and Lysander and Hermia. The end of the play involves the fairies sprinkling dust to protect these couples in the future. Puck also remains to ask for forgiveness and to remember the play as though it was all a dream. The theme of love and dreams combine in this play making it an excellent eye-opener. Sometimes, things must happen for all to go the way one pleases. I enjoyed this play from beginning to end because of its realistic encounters mixed with the ideas fantasy.

Free Essays on Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain

Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain History has always been marked by great music. Every generation has it’s own unique genre; from classical to swing, people have always found a song or a melody that seemed as if it was written just for them. However, truly great music is created by a certain type of genius. It takes more than the average guy to forge a classic like â€Å"Stairway to Heaven.† Two men in the late twentieth century were such masterminds: Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain. While both will live forever in musical infamy, they will remain legends for different reasons. One of the most important factors in becoming a rock legend is bringing about a revolution, opening people to something bold and new. Kurt Cobain, along with his band, Nirvana, changed rock music forever. In a time when music was becoming mass-produced, emotionless muck, Cobain brought about something that was repulsively beautiful and alive. He introduced grunge rock to the world: music filled with screaming distortion, tremendous angst, and overwhelming passion rarely seen from the generation that invented the term â€Å"whatever.† Nevertheless, let us not forget a similar revolution, which took place over a decade earlier. In an era when hippies wandered free and drugs were just â€Å"mind expanding,† another such musical phenomenon occurred. A young black man caught the ear of millions with his awe-inspiring guitar tunes. This man was Jimi Hendrix. Unlike Cobain, Hendrix wrote music to support and inspire his followers, as opposed to creating a method of shock treatment through music. Hendrix created brilliant melodies along with lyrics that touched the hearts of all who would listen. One habit that both musicians shared was the ability to excite and invigorate listeners, especially live audiences. Cobain had the ability to make thousands of slackers stand up and scream for more. Throughout his many tours, Cobain always arrived to a packed venue filled with fans, ma... Free Essays on Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain Free Essays on Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain History has always been marked by great music. Every generation has it’s own unique genre; from classical to swing, people have always found a song or a melody that seemed as if it was written just for them. However, truly great music is created by a certain type of genius. It takes more than the average guy to forge a classic like â€Å"Stairway to Heaven.† Two men in the late twentieth century were such masterminds: Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain. While both will live forever in musical infamy, they will remain legends for different reasons. One of the most important factors in becoming a rock legend is bringing about a revolution, opening people to something bold and new. Kurt Cobain, along with his band, Nirvana, changed rock music forever. In a time when music was becoming mass-produced, emotionless muck, Cobain brought about something that was repulsively beautiful and alive. He introduced grunge rock to the world: music filled with screaming distortion, tremendous angst, and overwhelming passion rarely seen from the generation that invented the term â€Å"whatever.† Nevertheless, let us not forget a similar revolution, which took place over a decade earlier. In an era when hippies wandered free and drugs were just â€Å"mind expanding,† another such musical phenomenon occurred. A young black man caught the ear of millions with his awe-inspiring guitar tunes. This man was Jimi Hendrix. Unlike Cobain, Hendrix wrote music to support and inspire his followers, as opposed to creating a method of shock treatment through music. Hendrix created brilliant melodies along with lyrics that touched the hearts of all who would listen. One habit that both musicians shared was the ability to excite and invigorate listeners, especially live audiences. Cobain had the ability to make thousands of slackers stand up and scream for more. Throughout his many tours, Cobain always arrived to a packed venue filled with fans, ma...

An Appreciation for Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Appreciation for Music - Essay Example Naturally, depending upon the type of music that I listen to, it can ultimately be used in a way not dissimilar to a drug. When I am having difficulty sleeping, I can easily find a piece or a series of pieces of music that reflect a very calming and soothing tone; thereby helping me to get to sleep. When I need a level of focus or would like to bring out key attributes of determination or courage, I can turn to music as a way to instill such emotions. In short, music and the feelings it inspires can act as a type of stimulus to achieve the given mood that I am in search of or to induce feelings that would otherwise not come to me in a natural way. Finally, as a function of the other two ways in which music affects me, the third way is an ultimate end in and of itself. A type of imaginative portrait that can be painted in any number of ten thousand different ways. Even though I may have heard the song, track, or album before, the fact of the matter is that the imagery that it engages me with as a function of the aforementioned emotion and mood alteration is something that can only be described to a fellow music lover. Whereas one can read a book and have the same thought process, look at a piece of art and evoke the same images or memories, when I listen to music, there is never a firm or defined way in which my brain imitates the imagery that is presented; it is ultimately different each and every time. As a function of all of these things, music has a profound effect on the way I view the world.

Practice & Communication In Social Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Practice & Communication In Social Work - Essay Example Many of the groups that a person is a member of can impact greatly on their lives – either positively or negatively. Throughout the ages, writers and researchers have been interested in the dynamics of groups. How a group forms, how it changes over time, how it comes to an end, and how a group structures itself, has been investigated by numerous researchers (Adams, 1990). What I have come to learn from this course is that to understand others, I need to understand group processes. For this semester’s social work course, a reflective journal assignment was set, focusing on my working within a group. I was in group D and our task was to raise money or provide Service User support for a local charity of our choice. I was at this stage of the course aware that our group would go through a process of stages, and so I chose Tuckman’s model (1965), that he later revised in 1977. The aim of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness of the group and my contribution to the group over the semester. Tuckman’s (1951) model of group dynamics states that all groups go through four stages: forming, storming, norming and performing. Tuckman contends that groups usually form when people test the boundaries of others. We had ample opportunity to do this, I think to our advantage, as we all knew each other from this class. I was fortunate to have mostly teamed up with people who had similar motivation levels to me. However, on reflection I can see how being placed into a group, instead of choosing one myself to be in, would represent many group formations in the professional world. In the workforce, people are often put into teams without having a choice.

Managerial Applications of Technology - Final Case Study

Managerial Applications of Technology - Final - Case Study Example The very first thing to do is to set up a framework for IT acquisition (p. 592). This entails identifying the appropriate IT applications that would be used in the organizational restructure, justifying that the new set of IT applications to be acquired is worthwhile in terms of costs and benefits, and planning the processes of acquisition and implementation of the newly acquired IT applications (pp 592-594). Some of the options available for IT acquisition are through lease of the required IT applications, outright buying or purchase of the application, developing the applications in-house or subcontracting the whole IT process to external managers/consultants. Whichever option chosen must be cost-effective; it must also help in initiating business process redesigning within the organization (pp. 600-606). If properly handled, this organizational transformation would also be instrumental in connecting the organization’s databases and 2 enterprise systems, and providing a smoo th link or integration to the organization’s business partners (p. 606). All the processes highlighted above could only successful happen if there is effective managerial or leadership establishment. This signifies that all the organization’s employees must support and work hard towards the change. 3 Outsourcing/Off-Shoring: Pros and Cons Question 2: You’ve been asked to work with HR to evaluate the potential for outsourcing some IT functions including the potential use of off-shore resources. What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with outsourcing? What can you share with your HR partner regarding the reasons to outsource, factors to be considered, and potential risks? Based on your knowledge of outsourcing/off-shoring what are your thoughts regarding work that would not be good a candidate for outsourcing/off-shoring? What methods will you suggest to measure the value of an outsourcing/off-shoring relationship? Answer 2: Some organizations percei ve IT outsourcing as a way of subsidizing their capital expenses and working towards cost-effectiveness to maximize profits (p. 506). However, there are some important factors that should be strictly considered before outsourcing/off-shoring some functions of any organization’s IT Department. Some commonly touted advantages of outsourcing/off-shoring include that it is cost-saving; it allows business expansion; it creates exposure to better technical expertise; it is flexible and encourage better quality and improvement; and it supports major organizational transformation (pp.506-510). But some of the disadvantages of outsourcing include de-motivation in in-house IT professionals; having negative effect on business strategy; the problem of confidentiality risks; and the fear of sudden collapse of IT provider. The main reason why an organization may seriously consider outsourcing its IT functions is to reduce the overhead capital 4 expenses on its IT requirements. However, it is helpful to consider some factors before going into outsourcing: these include choosing the right external IT Service Provider; estimating the cost of off-shoring; and identifying which applications should not be outsourced based on the importance of their confidentiality to the organization’s future. Even though all the factors outlined in the

Process Implemented In Shell Pakistan Management Essay

Process Implemented In Shell Pakistan Management Essay This chapter discusses the change management process implemented in Shell Pakistan. It also highlights the issues of necessity to change, the risks faced during the transformation and the effectiveness of change management. The behavioral responses and attitude of stakeholders towards change management in the industry have also been covered in the report with a comprehensive analysis on the features that have helped or hindered the changed process within Shell. The findings presented here are mostly based on the research conducted through 20 interviews includes both the face to face interviews and questions being asked through telephone and recording feedback. I tried to interview people who are closely related to the topic of change in the business. In addition, twenty five questionnaires are distributed amongst employees as well in order to understand the change process that took place from converting from JD Edwards to SAP within the organization. 4.2-Factors that resist change One of the most common problems which business executives face during implementing plan is the employee resistance to change. Such resistance could be in different forms like persistent reduction in output, increase in the number of quits and requests for transfer, chorine quarrels, sullen hostility, wildcat or slowdown strikes, and, of course, the expression of a lot of pseudo logical reasons why the change will not work. All this actions can result in a negative outflow or a reduced net worth of any organization. A survey was conducted by the author in Shell Pakistan to identify the most common factors from the employees which act as a resistance while adopting change. The approach adopted for this research was more direct as one to one session of interview was held with the individuals. The feedback received was mixed. The most common reasons for the resistance were as follows Lack of communication between the management and staff on change issue Fear of losing the task after change is implemented is always there Fear or losing their job status and job security is also a concern Too much pressure and work load is tough to handle Change of working environment and disruption in culture is a concern. Conflicts of personalities Benefits are not communicated Others Results are illustrated below by using a pie chart and followings are the findings So according to the results illustrated by the pie chart, it is clearly understood that the fear of losing and the concerns regarding job status and job security are suppose to be the biggest barriers for managing change. After that the benefits of change not being communicated properly, act as a resistance to change. Rest of the reasons identified through the survey were more linked to the human behaviour, like mental stress, personal conflicts, culture disruption etc 4.3- Necessity of change in Shell In any organization managing change process, asks for planning before implementing the change steps. Every organization has different circumstances and the change situation varies a lot but still there are few logical steps which could be used during change management process. The process of change normally starts with a change Trigger. The change trigger highlights the necessity of change in a specific organization. The change trigger included two types of events. These are the external and the internal events: External Events: Changes in economic conditions (Inflation, GDP, Interest rates, etc) Changing laws and regulations, influencing the business cycle Strong competitive strategies from competitor and threat from a new entrant in the industry Technology introduced, changes in Research and Development Internal Events Changes in top level management giving rise to different operational strategies, changes in priorities, and new leadership styles. Introduction of a new technology and having a changed working style and environment Opening more branches of business both in the same country and overseas Introducing new diversified products or services These triggers will push management to opt for change. The questions which is to be answered by management is if they really think change is required to improve the situation, or if it could be handled without implementing change. Shell being a global organization wanted to streamline standardize its processes around the world. Prior to the use of SAP the organization had been using different ERP in different parts of the world like JD Edwards in Asia, Oracle in Australia etc. This made the operational reconciliation processes different but since the organization has the vision of standardizing simplifying its processes it prompted the top management to implement SAP Also SAP had been customized for Shell is being implemented with the name of GSAP i.e. Global SAP. It helps the organization in simplifying operations standardizes its processes around the globe. In short, the following are the factors which pushed Shell to opt for change to accomplish their goals more efficiently: Simplification of the operational process by removal of a lot of redundant activities, and getting rid of activities which were not adding value to any product or service of shell. Standardization of processes across the Globe, this helped Shell in removing complexities which arose from using different systems. Cost Cutting Saving with standardization of processes and removal of non value adding activities. Adapting to the latest of technology in the ERP World i.e. Use of SAP. Reducing the fixed overheads is helpful for any organization in terms of Cost Savings. In the case of Shell Pakistan, organizational restructuring resulting in reduced head count due to process simplification e.g. Prior to SAP implementation there used to be two General Managers for Supply Distribution for operations in Pakistan but now there is only one General Manager for Supply Distribution who covers India, Pakistan Oman Dubai. 4.4-Models dealing with resistance to change There have been many different approaches of managing the resistance to change. Below included are few models presented by different authors during their time which were used as a tool for managing the process of change. Kotter Schlesinger;s (1979) Presented a 6 step model which is used to reduce, eliminate or minimize the resistance. The following steps were suggested in this model for managing resistance. Education Communication: The resistance is the result of ignorance, and in order to control this it was suggested that communicating the vision of change and the potential benefits will help the cause and control resistance Participation Involvement: The idea is to get people involved in the change process and their participation matters Facilitation Support: Offering counselling services to those feeling stress and difficulties is one major example of facilitate, support could involve training procedures, providing technical assistance etc. Negotiation and agreement: According to (Economist, 2003) long before the economic slowdown of 2008-2009 the United Auto Workers Union some extraordinary pay rises and improved medical health care in response to agreeing for managements closure of plants. The General motors and Ford were in competition with non unionized Japanese subsidiaries, and needed to improve their productivity Manipulation Co-optation: The resistance is controlled by the way information is presented or by a political process Coercion, Implicit Explicit: This works best when the management is powerful, the change decision is enforced on the employees forcefully and they are left with no other option but to accept it. (BPP, 2008, P-402) Another model used for carrying out the change process was introduced by Kurt Lewin (1951), He presented a 3 stage model to explain the important steps to be taken while implementing change. Lewins concept about organizational change was based on the perspective of the organism metaphor. His model is widely used by managers in the industry. According to him an organization can go through three different stages during the process of change. Theses stages are: Unfreeze Initiation Creation of the right Environment Lewin has linked this process of change to the human behaviour and believes that motivation should be put before planning and implementing the change process. The unfreeze process defined by Lewin should start with breaking down of the existing status of organization and start building up a new environment. Unfreezing was the process which was used by Lewin to present a new approach in shape of force field analysis. A force field analysis is suggested by Kurt Lewin presented which helps in considerate of change in an establishment. According to Force field analysis a process of change in any organization is stuck in between two types of influencing forces (1) Driving force which is the positive force for change. The other force is the Restraining force which is an obstacle to change, so according to Lewin before the change process the forces are in equilibrium. Lewin also suggested that whenever the driving force is stronger compared to the restraining force, the equilibrium or the status quo will change. Making Sense of Change Management (2004, p.110). The figure below illustrates the work of Lewin on Force field Analysis. This is and example of an operating organization. Thomas (1985) said regarding the force field analysis that the model has been widely used in very different contexts but there is not link of this model to the overall strategy. Maslen and Platts (1994) used force field analysis and applied this to the manufacturing strategy. forceFieldAnalysis Force Field Analysis Model Change Adoption, Supporting change to required state Lewin knew that change was a process rather than a one off event. He termed this process as transition. According to Lewin at this stage the people are unfrozen and moving towards a new beginning. He also suggested that at this stage people are also uncertain and fearful so this is also the hardest stage of the model as it is tough to convince people for change John B Miner (2004, p.110). Re-freeze Acceptance strengthening to anchor the change The refreezing stage is concerned with establishing and maintaining stability once the change process has been implemented. The top management support is required in during this process. Besides that those sources must be identified which supports change and also the barriers supporting the revolution must be identified). The figure below shows the 3 staged model presented by Lewin. Refreeze Unfreeze Change Lewins Model of Change: http://picsicio.us/image/58bf1359/ Lewins work has been widely accepted and is more frequently used in the industry by management during the change implementation process. However the 3 staged model is not the only one used for managing change and Greminis 4Rs is another approach used in the industry. Gouillart and Kelly were Management Consultants and they describe the process of business transformation (major change) in four different stages. The framework presented by them is known as Greminis 4 Rs According to the framework a conversion process should establish a new corporate vision, bring in new opportunities for an organization and new ways of performing activities should be carried out. Gouillart and Kelly suggested that such a process will require four Rs to be present if it is to be successful. Gemini 4Rs is as follows: Reframing Restructuring Revitalizing Renewal Reframing Reframing will give rise to questions about the nature of the organization and what its reason for existence. Following elements should be present in reframing Achieving Mobilization: Giving rise to the will and having desire to change Creating a Vision: Current status of the organization must be reviewed in detail Building a measurement system: Progress will be measured and compared against the set targets Restructuring This will start removing the non value adding activities from the organization. The fundamentals are to consider the organizational structure but it might also look at cultural change. The activities involved in Restructuring are Building of an economic model: This is to look at how the assets are organized and is more focused on the financial aspects Aligning the physical infrastructure with the long term plan. Creating value: redesigning the overall work architecture in order to make processes interact to create value Revitalizing: This portion is concerned with exploring the new products and markets, and making sure a good fit with competitive environment. Activities will include: Focused on exploring new opportunities in marked. Inventing in new businesses and products. Using the knowledge to change the directions of rivalry Renewal: This section talks about the procedure of developing individuals, to make sure that their skills are aligned with the organizational requirements. Activities should include: Building a system for remuneration to focus on staff motivation Introducing organizational learning to progress learning as competence within the organization 4.20- Comparing JD Edwards and SAP Based on a study about comparing both the ERP solutions, it has been found that both have certain features, advantages and disadvantages in comparison to each other, allowing organizations to derive certain benefits based on which software is implemented. It has been noted that ERP vendors are now more focused on other elements of the organization as well such as supply chain and customer relationships as a result of which new modules and improved versions of existing modules have come into play. Both SAP and JDE have focused on these elements with the knowledge in hand that customer is the core focus within any business because this is how an organization runs.

Soliloquies Essay - Claudius Soliloquy in Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Claudius' Soliloquy in Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Claudius' soliloquy about his remorse over his murder of Hamlet's father is important to the play because it's the one place where we learn how Claudius feels about what he has done. The rest of the play is all about how Hamlet feels about what Claudius has done, and I think it rounds out the play to get it from a different perspective. From the soliloquy I can see that Claudius feels sorry for the murder, but not sorry enough. He says, "Oh, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven." He wants to pray for forgiveness of his offense, but laments, "Pray can I not," because "I am still possessed of those effects for which I did the murder - My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen." He murdered Hamlet's father in order to get those things and he is not willing to give them up. He realizes that true repentance would be willing to give then up, and therefore, he is not really repentant. This is why at the end of his prayer, he says "Words without thoughts never to heaven go." There's no point in saying he is sorry because God knows he doesn't really mean it. So, the best he can do is pray that God will make him sorry, by pleading, "Heart with strings of steel, be as soft as the sinews of a new-born babe." All of this shows that Claudius is introspective and honest with himself. It also does contradictory things to my opinion of him. Depending on how I look at it, this prayer can make me feel sympathetic towards Claudius as I learn about the inner torture he is going through and how awful he feels about killing Hamlet's father. On the other hand, it also makes me more angry with him because I realize he fully understood how terrible what he did was, but he chose to do it anyway, and now he knows he should repent, but refuses to. As terrible as his guilty feelings are, they obviously aren't bad enough to make him change. Claudius still holds out some hope for himself, though, saying "All may be well." But he shows there really isn't much hope left, when, a few acts later, he plans Hamlet's murder to preserve the same things he killed Hamlet's father to get.

General Motors with Lean Manufacturing

General Motors with Lean Manufacturing An Introduction of GM Global Manufacturing System Operations Management Team Project Contributed by We Make A+ (sort by number): – 2009 050 444 – 2010 049 712 – 2010 054 149 – 2010 059 605 – 9125 620 120 Division of Business Administration, Hanyang Univ. ERICA Ansan, December 2012 Contents Part 1. Overview of General Motors2 1. 1 Why General Motors? 2 1. 2 Introduction of General Motors3 1. 3 Basic Information3 1. 4 History of GM4 1. 5 GM's family4 Part 2. Introduction of Lean Manufacturing4 2. 1 Definition5 2. 2 Lean and TPS5 2. 3 Theme: Efficiency6Part 3. GM’s Global Manufacturing System6 3. 1 Application of Lean Manufacturing6 3. 2 In-Progress Control and Verification7 3. 3 Process Failure and Effect Analysis11 3. 4 Quality Feedback/Feedforward11 3. 5 Quality System Management13 Part 4. Comments14 4. 1 Achievements beyond Efficiency14 4. 2 A Too-Lean GM? 15 Bibliography16 Part 1. Overview of Gene ral Motors 1. 1 Why General Motors? First automotive industry has started in 1885 since Karl Benz and Daimler develop gasoline engine cars. The early automotive industry was expensive ,slow and didn't escape from the design of the wagon type.But The introduction of Henry Ford's conveyor belt is way as to be able to mass-produced, it became the beginning of popularization. U. S. automotive company seek to enter into the world in Europe ,since 1920's and by combining U. S.. ‘s car production technology and Europe's brand value, Europe emerged as the largest market in the world. At the European economy will recover in 1950, U. S. has grown enough to occupy 80% in world market and Europe built a new product differentiation and diversification strategy in order to correspond to U. S. At this point should be noted that Japan's inroad into world market.Because of Korean war, Japan laid the foundation of growth and The 1960's, global automotive market is growing, Japan participate in global automotive market. Especially, Japan made new Labor-management relations by new industrial organization and distinctive production manner, and spreading Toyota production system and JIT approach to become more competitive, They were formed 3 polarized system to dominate the world market with U. S. and Europe. After that, Before and after the 1980's, Asian countries, including countries such as Mexico and Brazil participated in global automotive market as a weapon low-income and small car. In 1990's, U.S. lead global automotive market increasing core competencies by innovation to reengineering, benchmarking, restructuring, and downsizing, etc, competing with Japan. In the late 1990s, Automotive market undergo great confusion due to oversupply and changing consumer needs, and Multinational automotive companies' M;A is greatly increasing, and a small number of large companies lead global automotive market. In the flow of the automotive industry, after establishment in 1908, GM l ay the foundation focusing on to raise the size merging Buick, Cadillac, including 25 companies and maintain first in sales between 1933 to 2008.Also, in domestic, GM is known for a lot of familiar brands such as Chevrolet. Because GM overcome several financial crisis and still exist the center of the world's automotive industry companies, we choose GM automotive industry companies, we choose GM 1. 2 Introduction of General Motors General Motors Company commonly known as GM (General Motors Corporation before 2009), is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, and the world's largest auto maker, by vehicle unit sales, in 2011, employing 202,000 people and doing business in some 157 countries.General Motors produces cars and trucks in 31 countries, and sells and services these vehicles through the following four regional segments, which are GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM International Operations (GMIO), and GM South America (GMS A), through which development, production, marketing and sales are organised in their respective world regions, plus as fifth segment GM Financial. 1. 3 Basic Information Industry – Automotive Founded – September 16, 1908 Founder(s) – William C. Durant Headquarters – Renaissance Center, Detroit, Michigan, the US Number of locations – 156 facilities on six continentsArea served – Worldwide Product – Automobiles, Financial Service 1. 4 History of GM 1908| Founded by William. C. Durant| 1910-1929| The rise of the automobile captured imaginations and sparked invention. | 1930-1959| GM’s commitment to innovation lent optimism during tumultuous world events. | 1960-1979| GM offered forward-thinking answers to an increasingly eco-conscious world. | 1980-1999| The close of the 20th century brought tremendous global growth for GM| 2000-2008| Trying economic times saw GM embracing an enduring passion for innovation. Today| We are passion ate about designing, building and selling the world’s best vehicles. This vision unites us as a team and is the hallmark of our customer-driven culture. | 1. 5 GM's family Part 2. Introduction of Lean Manufacturing 2. 1 Definition What is lean manufacturing(lean)? Lean manufacturing, lean enterprise, or lean production, often simply, â€Å"Lean,† is a production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer to be wasteful, and thus a target for elimination.Working from the perspective of the customer who consumes a product or service, â€Å"value† is defined as any action or process that a customer would be willing to pay for. Essentially, lean is centered on preserving value with less work. Lean manufacturing is a management philosophy derived mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS) (hence the term Toyotism is also prevalent) and identified as â€Å"Lean† only in the 1990s. TPS is renowned for its focus on reduction of the original Toyota seven wastes to improve overall customer value, but there are varying perspectives on how this is best achieved.The steady growth of Toyota, from a small company to the world's largest automaker, has focused attention on how it has achieved this success. 2. 2 Lean and TPS Lean is a management philosophy developed from the Toyota Production System (TPS) and identified as Lean in the 1990s. The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated socio-technical system, developed by Toyota, that comprises its management philosophy and practices. The TPS organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer, including interaction with suppliers and customers. The system is a major precursor of the more generic â€Å"lean manufacturing. Taiichi Ohno, Shigeo Shingo and Eiji Toyoda developed the system between 1948 and 1975. Originally called â€Å"just-in-time production,† it builds on the approach creat ed by the founder of Toyota, Sakichi Toyoda, his son Kiichiro Toyoda, and the engineer Taiichi Ohno. The principles underlying the TPS are embodied in The Toyota Way. TPS focuses on reduction of the original Toyota seven wastes  to improve overall customer value. But there are varying perspectives on how this is best achieved. 2. 3 Theme: Efficiency Lean manufacturing is a variation on the theme of  efficiency  based on optimizing flow.It is a present-day instance of the recurring theme in human history toward increasing efficiency, decreasing waste, and using empirical methods to decide what matters, rather than uncritically accepting pre-existing ideas. As such, it is a chapter in the larger narrative that also includes such ideas as the folk wisdom of thrift, time and motion study, Taylorism, the Efficiency Movement, and Fordism. Lean manufacturing is often seen as a more refined version of earlier efficiency efforts, building upon the work of earlier leaders such as Taylor or Ford, and learning from their mistakes.Part 3. GM’s Global Manufacturing System 3. 1 Application of Lean Manufacturing To be more competitive in the global automotive industry, General Motors is concentrated on some key priorities; get common; think lean and run fast; compete on a global basis; grow the business and most importantly-focus on the product. GM Manufacturing is dedicated to lean and common as demonstrated by a single, global manufacturing approach – a strategy that is changing the way it designs its products, lays out plants, selects equipment and design each assembly plant operator's job.The GM Global Manufacturing System-or GMS-is an important building block of an integrated strategy to develop products that excite customers in markets around the world. 3. 2 In-Progress Control and Verification In-Process Control & Verification includes the intent and purpose of the BIQ motto: â€Å"Satisfy your customer; do not accept, build or ship a defect! Solve problems through team work. † Quality expectations are achieved in each process to ensure defects are not passed on to downstream process. Well, it raises a question, how to achieve customer satisfaction?General Motors has three paths for solving this problem. In the first place, prevention avoids defects or non-standards occurring. Secondly, Detection—identify when defects or non-standards have occurred. At last, use containment to assure defects or non-standards are not passed on. I will introduce these three methods in the following minutes. The benefits of In-Process Control & Verification consist of three aspects: * To external customers (people buying our vehicle), it protects customers from sub-standard vehicle quality; it assures customer satisfaction. To internal customers (downstream operation), it prevents major repair and rework by detecting a non-conformity early in the process; it prevents the flow of defects from department to department and station to s tation. * To internal customers (from suppliers), it protects Team Members from non-compliant parts from suppliers through advanced quality planning and prompt containment during spills. Prevention To understand the prevention, let me show you a comparison at first. As you can see in the picture, Using the Lean approach, we control the process by prevention.It results in less rework and repair, and higher first time quality. By contrast, the traditional approach is trying to control the product, which is less efficient and more passive, with more rework and repair, and lower first time quality. Process Equipment Capability Reviews means periodic checks are conducted to identify trends or shifts in capability over periods of time. It includes four steps: 1) Identify process equipment with high risk/impact 2) Conduct initial capability confirmation 3) Conduct regular scheduled reviews to confirm capability 4) Implement corrective action as required DetectionThe second method is detect ion. Detection has two purposes. Purpose 1: To make non-standard conditions in the manufacturing process visible – identify when defects or non-standard have occurred. Purpose 2: This supports the â€Å"Do Not Accept† element of the quality motto: * Inspection process that confirms quality as soon as possible following manufacture * Measures the output of the manufacturing process * Alerts organization to out of standard conditions * Supports containment and provides input into continuous improvement Quality Check System Update: Internal/external ‘Customers’ are monitored for feedback.Where there is an indication of defect flow-out through the Verification process, a systematic analysis will be conducted; typically for: 1) Items currently not included in the quality check list/control plan For example, update check list based on prioritization and risk analysis. 2) Current check items not found during the check process For example, improve standardized wor k or re-train team members. The quality check system must be established in consideration of the ‘Supplier-Customer’ relationship. Inspection frequencies must be established by each ‘supplier’ that prevents shipping defects to downstream ‘customers’.This is a requirement for safety & compliance items, key characteristics and for issues that will significantly impact the next process or customer. During a repair, the risk for a discrepancy to occur is increased – many aspects of the repair operation are non-standard. So the Independent Repair Confirmation is very necessary. Many aspects of the repair operation are non-standard: Any documented repair must be verified by Repair Confirmation (both on- and off-line) * Repair Confirmation must be conducted independently (e. g. by Quality). Standardized work (non-cyclic) should be used for the confirmation process – quality standards must be available. * Appropriate training and knowledg e of standards must be developed to conduct or confirm repairs. * Repair confirmation should be as close to the repair process as possible. * Repair confirmation can be conducted by man or machine. Workers can use Andon(A Kind of Signboard) to Stop The Process: Work Station Team has the ability to stop the line and complete standardized work in station if there are some problems in the product line.If the Team Member has a quality issue within their standardized work they activate the Andon system to: * Initiate a call for help through station light, Andon board, and melody * Empower the Team Member to stop line & organization responds to provide support * Stop at FPS (Fixed Position Stop) to contain and complete the repair * Where Andon is not available the principles still apply Alarm and Escalation Process: When a defect is detected, feedback to the appropriate team or individual will be given by using a communication system. The alarm is raised by using audio/visual signals (e. . Andon). The alarm process directs the support functions to: * ‘Go and See’ the problem * Apply containment to prevent further flow of defects * Initiate problem solving Containment Containment: the purpose of it is the achievement of customer expectations relies on a method to contain defects within the manufacturing process, and implement corrections to protect the next/downstream customer. This also supports the â€Å"Do Not Ship† element of the quality motto: * Vehicle delivery to the customer * Powertrain and MFD plants to vehicle assembly * External supplier to the manufacturing plant Internal departments (e. g. between body, paint and GA) * Between work stations within a department Summary of In-Process Control and Verification Standardized work is performed in every process and includes the required quality checks. Process control activities are implemented on equipment to control variation on a daily basis and maintain capability over a period of time. Detection confirms the manufacturing process and ensures both internal (Production Team Members) and External Customers (people who buy our products) are receiving products that meet or exceed the quality standards.A process is in place to contain defects within the manufacturing process and implement permanent corrective actions that are verified as being effective. 3. 3 Process Failure and Effect Analysis Purpose of this procedure: Investigation, documentation and if necessary reduction of the risk potential (Risk Priority Number-RPN) for all production processes. RISK PRIORITY NUMBER S x O x D = RPN * S = Severity * O = Occurrence * D = Detection * RPN = Risk Priority Number* * 1 = Lowest1000 = Highest There are some questions to answer for the Process Failure and Effect Analysis: Potential failure mode:What things have gone wrong?What things could go wrong? Effects of failure:What does a failure mean to the next operation, the assy plant, the final customer? Potential Cause of f ailure: Root cause what has gone wrong in the past Brainstorm what could cause failures? Current controls: What do we do today to prevent the defect from occurring and getting to our customer? Recommended actions: If current controls are not 100% effective, what actions should be taken? 3. 4 Quality Feedback/Feedforward Definition: The communication of quality expectations and results between customers and suppliers through standardized communication pathways.Purpose: To ensure that information on quality reaches those who need it. Feed Information Forward: Internal and external suppliers communicate known/potential problems and/or problem solving status to their customers in a timely manner. This provides the customer with sufficient lead time to react to upcoming changes and take appropriate measures. Feed Information Back: Internal and external customers communicate known/potential problems and/or problem solving resolution to their suppliers in a timely manner. This provides the supplier with sufficient lead time to react to customer issues and take appropriate measures.Build and quality status of each vehicle is communicated to downstream processes. Summary of Quality Feedback/Feedforward Feedback/Feedforward promotes the communication of quality expectations and results between customers and suppliers through: * Clearly defining customer/supplier communication requirements †¢Defining timing, content, and format of information †¢Establishing metrics and the subsequent management process †¢Effective implementation of the Feedback/Feedforward communication tools †¢Problem identification, input into the plant problem solving process and countermeasure follow up . 5 Quality System Management Who is responsible for Quality? Team work is absolutely essential to deliver world-class quality. Everyone! Quality is a shared responsibility Quality Function Resource Allocation: Manufacturing and quality resources are allocated to support the qualit y system and interface with engineering. Each area requires sufficient resources to properly focus on supporting production and driving continuous improvement through P-D-C-A. Resource allocation needs to consider the quality and production components that are required to support the team member.Development of an organization for quality incorporates the â€Å"Planning†, â€Å"Doing† and â€Å"Checking† functions into their structure. Summary of Quality System Management Quality System Management provides the supporting structure and framework for the implementation of the quality system and ongoing improvement to the quality of our products through: * Establishment and implementation of a strategic quality plan for the organization * Allocation of manufacturing and quality resources to support the quality plan * Development of an rganization for quality that incorporates the â€Å"Planning†, â€Å"Doing† and â€Å"Checking† functions into t heir structure * Identification of requirements for documentation, procedures, practices and assessments * Integration of both quality and manufacturing BPD’s at all levels of the organization Part 4. Comments 4. 1 Achievements beyond Efficiency The GMS is generating positive results. By using GMS, General Motors achieved efficiency in many aspects. And GMS is a system built around people.The system stresses the value of teamwork, and is based on an underlying philosophy that everyone, in every position, adds value. In an empowered environment, everyone's experience and insights are valued. Manufacturing performance is improved through the consistent adoption of five principals-people involvement, standardization, built in quality, short lead time and continuous improvement. The principals are interrelated and implemented as a complete system. When implemented, the GMS principals maximize performance in the areas of people systems, safety, quality, customer responsiveness and cost.Products, plants and processes are designed to allow GM's people to use their skills and abilities as efficiently as possible. GM is the industry benchmark in safety, a goal achieved through a strong partnership between GM and its unions. GM's workers realize a healthy, injury-free environment. The team concept is a critical part of managing quality by making each team responsible for managing quality in their area. Team members receive extensive training in identifying and solving problems. GM's manufacturing strategy maximizes customer responsiveness, by responding fast to customer and market trends.GM's manufacturing system concentrates on cost savings by eliminating all forms of waste that detract from our ability to be competitive. 4. 2 A Too-Lean GM? It wasn't that long ago that General Motors was producing too many vehicles. Now the giant automaker can't produce enough for some area dealers, who said they are finding it difficult to keep enough inventory of some new car and truck models to satisfy demand. And they're probably losing some sales because of it â€Å"I definitely believe it's restricted† our sales, Scott Hatchett, managing partner of Scholfield Buick GMC, said Monday.GM's efforts to emerge from bankruptcy a leaner company mean the inventory Hatchett and other dealers have access to has been much thinner, especially for certain models such as GMC Terrain as well as the Buick Enclave and LaCrosse. â€Å"We literally get down to where we have one or two of those vehicles in stock,† he said. Jill Hattan said her dealership, Don Hattan Chevrolet in Park City, has had a difficult time keeping in stock the Chevy Equinox and Camaro. â€Å"It's just trickling in on top of a small inventory,† she said. â€Å"We are definitely missing some sales. Hattan said her dealership is trying to alleviate the lack of inventory from Chevrolet by tapping other dealers' inventory. â€Å"We actually try to purchase several at a time jus t for stock but when everyone's short, that's not easy to do either,† she said. GM spokesman Tom Henderson said his company is â€Å"dramatically different† now than before it entered a brief bankruptcy in June 2009. It's axed brands such as Saturn and Pontiac, closed plants and received $50 billion in aid from the federal government. Before GM's bankruptcy â€Å"we typically ran with very high inventories,† Henderson said.As a leaner company, its production has been sharply trimmed. Now the company is attempting to find the sweet spot between production and demand. â€Å"It's a really delicate balancing act,† Henderson said. Henderson said he couldn't disclose production rates going forward. But he did point to efforts by the company to ramp up production on the GMC Terrain and Chevy Equinox. It has taken an unused portion of its plant in Ontario, Canada, to create capacity for the manufacture of 60,000 to 80,000 more vehicles. Those two midsize SUVs are hot sellers for GM.GM said earlier this month that through the first six months of 2010, sales of the Equinox and Terrain were up nearly 193 percent from the same period last year. Henderson said the company is listening to its dealers such as Hatchett and Hattan. â€Å"We take their input seriously,† Henderson said, adding that dealers should see this fall the results of GM's increased production efforts at its Canadian plant. As for additional production increases, â€Å"We'll judge based on business conditions what to do going forward. † Bibliography * [http://www. gm. com] * Womack, James P. ; Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos.The Machine That Changed the World,1990. * Bailey, David (24 January 2008). â€Å"Automotive News calls Toyota world No. 1 car maker†. Reuters. com. Reuters. Retrieved 19 April 2008. * [http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing#cite_note-Reuters-3] * [http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Toyota_Production_System] * Strategos-Internati onal. Toyota Production System and Lean Manufacturing. * [http://www. autointell-news. com/News-2003/January-2003/January-2003-1/January-03-03-p6. htm], GM's Global Manufacturing System – A System To Build Great Cars and Trucks. * Jerry Siebenmark, A Too-Lean GM? , 2010.

Crime essays

Crime essays There has been a lot of talk from many individuals about wiping out crime, but many times efforts are forfeited to rationalization that crime can never be stopped. There has always been crime, and there will always be crime as long as the causes of these crimes are not dealt with in a suitable manner. In preventing these causes, much of the crime that exists today can be stopped before it starts. Many factors can be involved when considering the causes of crime. Of these factors poverty, lack of education, and peer pressure are among the leading causes. The first contributing element to crime is poverty. Many of the people in poverty are desperate to do something about their situation so they turn to crime as a means of doing so. In many cases, the people see the money that can come out of crime. Such things as robbing banks and convenient stores offer a good source of income as long as they are not caught. When comparing the crime rates of states to the poverty levels, one can see there is a great correlation between the two. States like New Hampshire, where the poverty level is relatively low, have very low crime rates. On the other hand, places such as Washington D.C., where the poverty level is very high, have very high crime rates. On the website www.justice4youth.com, it has many stories of the lives children in poverty face. All of the stories included crime as a result of poverty. The website also tells of the cycle that poverty and crime have with each other. It states that the reasons people in poverty commit crime s are to fulfill needs that are not met on low incomes, lack of love and respect from people close to you, and for the rush and excitement for it all. The main idea linking these reasons for crime is the lack of self-respect the people in poverty have. The website states: you've worn the same shirt and pants for five days, how are you going to feel? Your social worker just screwed you over for ...

Could you be selling yourself short Use the New York, New York Principle.

Could you be selling yourself short Use the New York, New York Principle. I grew up in New York City, intimately familiar with the song New York, New York, written by John Kander and made famous by Frank Sinatra. The lyrics opine, â€Å"If you can make it there, you’ll make it anywhere!† I have lived in many cities, including New Haven, CT, Oakland, CA and now Madison, WI, and I’ve always â€Å"made it†- so I suppose the saying has proven true for me! I never used to think of the implications of the New York, New York principle for other aspects of life, where I am selling myself to others who are evaluating my ability to â€Å"make it† with them. But as a resume writer and student of leadership, I apply this idea all the time. Here are a few places (your resume summary section, bids for leadership positions, and proposals for business) where it’s important to keep the words of Mr. Kander in mind. Resume Summary Section Your resume summary, located at the TOP of your resume, is usually the very first thing that a hiring manager reads about you when you apply for a job. It’s a prime opportunity to highlight a past workplace or project that would clearly qualify you for the position you are now targeting. But many resume summaries describe the candidate as something like this: Results-driven, successful professional with x years of varied experience in widget industry. Proven track of leading cross-functional teams to profitable results. Skilled in multiple technologies and methodologies. What if this same candidate wrote the following summary instead? IT Director with expertise in Quality Assurance (QA) who has managed up to $20M annual budgets at Amazon subsidiary. 15+ years of experience across retail, financial, and health care organizations. Strong partner to company departments, ensuring repeatable, scalable testing solutions. Solutions have saved company up to $2M annually. I don’t know about you, but as soon as I see the number $20M and the word â€Å"Amazon† I think: This guy is someone I’d probably want on my team! If he can make it there, †¦ Plus I learn right away that he is not limited to one industry (this is good if I am a hiring manager at a finance organization, for instance) and that he has saved at least one company $2M. Yep, I think I want this guy! Of course, not everyone has an Amazon or IBM or Coca Cola to put on their resume. If you don’t, you can still be specific about the size and type of organizations you worked for, giving the reader a clear sense of what you’ve done and where you’ve done it. One (perhaps obvious) flaw in the New York, New York principle is that many New Yorkers would probably not make it â€Å"anywhere†; they might, for instance, lose their minds if dropped into a podunk town in North Dakota. But when you’re crafting your resume, I trust you’ve chosen a target where something from your past  does  make you highly qualified for this next position. Don’t make the reader work to figure out what that is. Tell them up front and get their attention! Bids for Leadership Positions On my annual June leadership retreat with the Wright Foundation, leadership roles come up for grabs every day. I was struck by how reluctant people were, in the 30 seconds to 1 minute they were given, to say what they had done in the past that qualified them for the position they wanted. One woman unsuccessfully ran twice for the â€Å"Reflecting† role, which entails overseeing the audio and video quality and presentations at the event; then, on the third try, she included in her speech the small details that she had filled this role on multiple previous trainings, and that she manages audio/visual projects at a high level in her work. She was elected. And she wasn’t the only one who failed to portray herself accurately. Even a long-time leader in the community, who actually stood up and advised people to include their past roles and qualifications in their speeches, did not take his own advice! Like so many others, he painted a vision of what he wanted to accomplish in the role and put forth enthusiastic energy, but didn’t ground his bid in his past experience. He was ultimately elected, though I think that was because people knew more about him than he shared in his talk. I also noticed a lack of New York, New York awareness in the speeches delivered at the annual meeting of my local food coop. One guy stood up and, as I remember, said he had gray hair and therefore was the right person for a board position. He must be very well known by many voting members as someone well-qualified for other reasons, because he was elected. But I did not know him and did not vote for him based on his presentation. I would have advised him not to mess with the New York, New York principle! Proposals for Business A potential client called me this week who had been referred by another client. But just one referral source was not sufficient to convince her that we were the right company to write her husband’s executive-level LinkedIn profile. She wanted to know that we had written profiles for other executives, and she wanted to read them for herself. She figured if we could write for them, we could write for her husband. I sent her samples and she said her husband would contact us shortly. If you’re writing a proposal for new business, consider whom you’ve worked for in the past that will put you in good stead according to the New York, New York principle. And let your potential client know about your successes up front and center. Of course, no matter what you’ve done in the past, you’ll still need to prove yourself worthy of the trust the New York, New York principle has conferred upon you. As the last line of that famous song goes, â€Å"It’s up to you, New York, New York!†

What impact does age has on technostress Research Paper

What impact does age has on technostress - Research Paper Example Adapting to technology is not usually simple, and this has led to a health concern; the pressure resulting from extensive technology use has led to technostress, which is a modern ailment caused by people’s incapability to deal with new technologies in a good way. Technostress also refers to all the unconstructive impacts on behaviors, body physiology, and thoughts resulting directly or indirectly from technology (Coklar & Sahin, 2011). It affects the memory thereby causing people to lose track of what they wanted to say or do. Technostress is usually evident in two different but interconnected forms: in the effort to understand technology and in over-identification with computer technology. It affects professionals and executives, librarians, bankers, students and adolescents, librarians, store clerks, internet users, home computer users, and officer support personnel and many other people. The underlying causes of technostress include issues of technology anxiety, time management, lack of proper training, an increased workload, the quick pace of technological change, the reliability on software and hardware, and lack of standardization with technologies (Ennis, 2005). It is dependent on age, gender, and literacy. Tarafdar et al. (2007) disc overed that the elders experience less technostress than younger people at work, women experience lower technostress than men, and those with superior computer literacy than those who without. Studies investigating the impact of age on technostress are limited and hence this research seeks to examine this relationship. The negative psychological connection between persons and introduction of new technologies affects people’s productivity. Technostress manifests itself in every person in various degrees depending on age. This prevents coping or adapting to information in a healthy way, which prevents them from being productive. Most individuals feel compulsive about

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 35

History - Essay Example Religious Concepts: The religious concepts of this region are also very unique as compared to the rest of the world. This is again due to the lack of access to this region from foreign powers. The main ancient religion in this area was Shangdi. This was the worship of one Supreme Being or power known as heaven or god. Other religions such as Confucianism and Taoism were developed later. Culture: The highlight of this region’s culture is their association of philosophy and religion. The Chinese culture is inspired by Confucianism, with calligraphy being their most prominent art from. Development of Political, Economic and Social Organizations: The development of an economic organization can be detected to more than a thousand years in this region. The political organization however is still new and is marked by the recent communist ideology of China which dominates this region geographically. Religious Concepts: The two main religions of the region are Hinduism and Islam. Hinduism is practiced mostly in the subcontinent. As a culture this region has always shown close association to religion. Culture: The culture of this region is rich with art, poetry and architecture. This region has produced some phenomenal poets like Mirza Ghalib. The art and poetry of this region is reflected strongly in the local religion Hinduism. Development of Political, Economic and Social Organizations: Due to a very long occupation by Britain, the region has not yet developed in terms of social or political organization and therefore is in the initial stages of development. Some progress has been shown both in economic and political organization by

Assigment for Strategic management accounting Essay

Assigment for Strategic management accounting - Essay Example The business functions within Pear Ltd’s value chain encompass aspects such as research and development, design of products, services, and processes, production, marketing, distribution, and customer service. As such, cost management is critical component to the company’s operation in integrating and coordinating activities in all spheres of business function. Alternative Methods of Budgeting The traditional budgeting employs the incremental approach whereby the previous year’s budget is used a basis, subsequent to adjustments up and down, from that budget to mirror the changing assumptions for a new year. This incorporates employing the previous year’s budget, adjusted to accommodate known factors such as anticipated price inflation. Although, incremental budgets are crucial for planning, they may be less useful for control. The incremental approach to budgeting has the effect of incorporating last year’s inefficiencies into the present budget (Bhi mani and Bromwich, 2010). This necessitates the consideration of alternative methods of budgeting. Zero Based Budgeting Zero-based budgeting avails a better approach to dealing with the drawbacks associated with incremental budgeting. Unlike in incremental budgeting, zero-based approach does not necessarily start from the previous year’s budget level; instead, the existing operations remain evaluated and continuance of the operation or activity ought to be justified based on its utility and its need to the company (Bhattacharyya, 2011). Every plan in this case remain justified as per the total cost, and the total benefits and past performance are not in any way referred as a building block. Zero-based budgeting approach avails some distinctive advantages compared to traditional incremental budgeting such as it allocates financial resources based on planning requirements and results; and, in order to attain efficiency, zero-based approach encourages managers to search for alte rnative operation plans. However, the process can consume a lot of managerial time and may appear to be â€Å"too drastic a solution for the task at hand.† Moreover, short-term benefits may take precedence and obscure long-term planning and there may be annual conflicts over budget allocation (Bhattacharyya, 2011). In order to circumvent these drawbacks, especially concerning the managerial time required, one alternative may be to conduct a rolling budget every year and carry out zero-based budgeting perhaps three to five years, or in cases where a considerable modification that occurs within operations. This compromise may aid weeding out waste and inefficiency, especially within a period of intense competition and reengineering that is characteristic of the mobile phone industry (Bhattacharyya, 2011). The adoption of zero-based budgeting will aid Pear Ltd to save costs and exercise restraint in developing budgets, minimizing the entitlement mentality with regard to cost inc reases, and budget decisions to be more meaningful during review sessions. Zero-based budgeting approach is applicable to Pear Ltd in aiding the company to utilize the latest insights and business priorities that reveal fresh opportunities to minimize investments and costs in areas where Pear Ltd market share is lower than critical thresholds. Activity Based Budgeting

Marketing Plan New Product Essay Example for Free

Marketing Plan New Product Essay Titles Page No 1) Executive Summary 4 2) Current Marketing Situation 5-6 3) Threats and Opportunities 6-9 4) Objectives and issues 9-13 5) Marketing Strategy 13-19 6) Action Programs 19-21 7) Budgets and Controls 21-23 8) References 24 Executive Summary on Apogee Apogee is a shoe which is completely made from old, unused soccer balls. After using a soccer ball for quite sometimes it becomes unworthy to use. So people throw out the old soccer ball to buy a new one. But what they don’t realize is how harmful this plastic material can be for our environment. To remove this problem and also to make brand new merchandise we are going to produce trendy shoes from these unused soccer balls. These shoes can be worn by the people of all ages. These are also going to be stylish so fashion concerned people can feel attractive in them. Next comes the huge issue of environment safety. There are many products in the market which are very useful but there deathly for our environment. But this shoe is completely made from recycling old soccer balls. So it does no harm to our environment. In fact it works to protect the environment. The third issue is price. People want to wear new and fashionable shoes. But most of them can’t afford such expensive products. As apogee is made from old soccer balls it is really cheap to produce. So we can offer people new and trendy shoes at a minimum price. Reviewing all the features of apogee we can assertively say that this product is going to be popular, environment friendly and last but not the least inexpensive. Current marketing situation We are planning to produce shoes from recycled soccer balls. In the current market people of all classes need shoes. They want more trendy sturdier shoes. Furthermore people are now more conscious about the environment they live in. So we choose this idea of making shoes from recycled soccer balls keeping in mind the environment as well as the customers both at international and domestic level. Our customers: In todays modern world there is a craze about sports, particularly about football.Soccer mania is here and everyone seems to be riding high on the popularity wave. Everyone watches football now a days, so what if they could use a product that not only served their purpose but also indicate their love for the game and that’s how we came up with the idea of making shoes from recycled soccer balls. Football is popular around the  globe , specially in Europe and south america. As we are planning for a global launch of our product we will concentrate particularly on these region. The youths of Bangladesh are quite interested about sports and of course football, so we are developing our product keeping in mind their taste and preferences. We are hoping we can go global with our product after we are successful in making it a success in our domestic market. Market segmentation: We are planning to divide our market on the differences of our customers trend,style and fa shion. We will develop these shoes for both boys and girls. For Boys and girls who are aged from 10 to 15, we will asses their current demand for new shoes and also we will customize them according to their needs. We will use the same strategy for customers aged 16 and above. Thinking internationally, we may think about the international preferences of our global customers. We will also give our customers the alternative to customize their product according to their need and taste. Current market competitors: currently adidas and nike are dominating the sports accessories business by providing state of the art merchandises specially sports shoes. But what we want to do is we want to create an positive image of our product by creating the ultimate soccer shoes that is available and most importantly affordable for the customers. Furthermore we are using recycling material to make this product that will also create a positive image. As they say â€Å" first impression is the last impression† and that’s exactly what we are planning to do. We wan to make a global impact. Opportunity We cannot sustain our consumerist lifestyle without getting inundated by garbage and exhausting the earth’s resources. Solid waste disposal experts engage in an uphill struggle to contain this virtual avalanche of garbage we produce every day. It is apparent that digging a hole, a landfill, is clearly not the answer. Sooner or later, the waste becomes uncontainable and will spill into our farming areas, forests, and water sources. Here we have shown some opportunities of producing shoes from recycling football soccer Good raw material: As football is an international game and it is produced for international purpose, we are getting almost best quality of product. If we recycle the  soccer and if we produce shoes from this waste material, ultimately we are getting good quality material for producing shoes. Less expensive: Many of we have the tendency to buy pure leather shoes. Sometimes we desire to buy but we step back when there is a question of money. If we use the useless soccer we will be able to reduce the cost of soccer and so ultimately we will reduce the purchasing price also. Save animals life: As we are using football soccer as our raw material which people consider as wastage, we are helping our environment to keep sound. When we are using animal leather, animal lives are in danger. So if we use the soccer we will be able to protect the life and it will be environment friendly. Proper utilization of resources: We are using the proper use of resources which is also good for environment. Environment friendly: Football is made with plastic, synthetic paper, leather and rubber. We know plastic, synthetic paper, plastic are discomposed material. When we get the utility, we throughout the ball in the dustbin that may causes problem to the environment. It may stick in the drain and can create problem in drainage system. Objectives and Issues of APOGEE: Marketing plans are written documents that help us communicate our marketing efforts for the following year. One of the most important parts of the marketing plan is the objectives and issues section, which helps internal employees or external stakeholders understand the marketing goals. 1. To save our Environment Our main objective is to save our environment through recycling. We will prepare shoes by recycling footballs. In recent years, scientists have been carefully examining the ways that people affect the environment. They have found that we are causing air pollution, deforestation, acid rain, and other problems that are dangerous both to the earth and to ourselves. With the help of recycling we can protect our environment to some extent. Recycling is a process using materials (waste) into new products to  prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from land filling) by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production. When a football gets old and rusty, it has no use. We often throw it into the dustbin or somewhere else. It is polluting our air and land. With the help of recycling we can convert these footballs into shoes. We hope it will reduce air and land pollution and thus we can protect our environment. 2. Sell quality shoes with low price: Another objective is to sell quality shoes with low price. People now are very concern about quality and price. They want high quality product with low price. So we will sell high quality products with low price. 3. Increase market share: Another objective is to increase our market share. With the help of marketing strategy we can increase our market share. In this case we have to invest a lot of money in promotion and distribution of the product. We are expecting to increase our market share up to 10% in the next year. 4. To be the number one in the existing market One of the most important objective is to be the number one in the existing market. For these reason we have to implement our market strategies properly which have been discussed later. Issues that can affect our objectives: 1. Environmental issue: Environment means everything that makes up our surroundings and affects our ability to live on the earth. Today environmental issue is very important. There are many organizations who are working to protect the environment. They are creating pressure on the companies. So we will sell environment friendly product. We will not use any synthetic leather or any other chemicals that may cause harm to our environment. 2. Health issue: Today people are very health conscious. They want to know everything about the product. If they feel that  the product they are using are not safe, they will not use the product. APOGEE shoes are really safe because it is a green product. We will not use any chemical product in producing the shoes. 3. Social issue: We have to work in our society. So we have some social responsibilities. We have to think about our society and produce products according to their needs and wants. We should keep a friendly relationship with the people of our community. 4. Child labor issue: Another important issue is child labor issue. According to the labor act policy in 2006 child labor has been banned from all the industries. Showing respect to the law we will not use any child as our labor. 5. High quality with low price issue: People now are very concern about quality and price. They want high quality product with low price. So we will sell high quality products with low price. We will also give some discount to our customers. Marketing Strategy Of Apogee : Introducing a new product to the market can be a challenging task for a business. No matter how much confidence you have in the value of the product or how unique it is, there are still things to consider before unleashing it on the public. The marketing concept of building an organization around the profitable satisfaction of customer needs has helped firms to achieve success in high-growth, moderately competitive markets. However, to be successful in markets in which economic growth has leveled and in which there exist many competitors who follow the marketing concept, a well-developed marketing strategy is required. Such a strategy considers a portfolio of products and takes into account the anticipated moves of competitors in the mark. Customer Driven Marketing Strategies for Apogee : Making strategy decisions need to be customer driven as your end customers are the ones who will be making purchase to our products and services. The topic of Customer Driven Marketing is how to divide up the identified market into meaningful customer groups, choose which customer groups to serve, create market offerings that best serve targeted customers and position the offerings in the minds of customers – referred to market segmentation,  targeting, differentiation and positioning. The reason for having customer driven marketing strategies is companies today cannot appeal to all buyers in the marketplace. Buyers’ behaviors are difficult to predict, too widely scattered and too varied in their needs and buying practices. Companies must design customer driven marketing strategies that build the right relationships with the right customers. Why Customer Driven Marketing for Apogee : In a nutshell, with proper application of a customer driven marketing strategy, the we can focus our efforts on meeting distinct needs of individual market segment to target segments in which it can profitably generate and sustain customer value. It can then communicate deliver the chosen position with its resources available for an effective strategic marketing plan. With a customer driven marketing approach, the company has clearer direction to maintain its desired marketing position on targeted market segment(s) through consistent performance communications. Nonetheless, for larger companies such as Unilever and PG, they can offer complete range of products to serve all market segments to meet customers’ needs. We must divide up the total market ,choose the best segments and design strategies for profitably serving chosen segments. This process involves market segmentation ,market targeting , differentiation and positioning . Market Segmentation : As we are making shoes from recycled soccer balls and its for everyone ( Boys,girls,Childrens) we can divide our markets into 2 types – 1. Customers Aged 10-15. 2. Customers Aged 16 and above. Market Targeting : Footwear sales have been falling in developed countries and slowing in emerging countries due to lower income levels; and therefore, less spending on apparel and footwear. Consumers are  focusing increasingly on value for money, looking for simple, hard-wearing shoes that last . As children and young people are passionate about stylish shoes we are focusing them as our target market . Positioning : We will make our shoes more attractive than our market competitors . We will sell our shoes at a reasonable price . We will give them longer lasting shoes and will guarantee them for a certain period. We will use our distinctive shoe logo or Brand name so that we can hold our market for a long time. At the beginning we will give advertisements to acknowledge them about our products .We will give discounts for our special customers . Our shoe logo Differentiation : We will serve our customer a different service compared better than our competitors on the following basis : I. We will make our Shoes attractive. II. We will sell our shoes at reasonable price. III. We will give discount to our customers . IV. Will give them guarantee for our products . V. Will take orders from customers to make customized shoes . Marketing Mix : This section outlines how we will make strategies for each marketing mix element of our Apogee shoes and how each responds to the threats , opportunities and critical issues . Product : In order to outdo our competitors we will take specific strategies for our product .The strategies will be – 1. We will make a variety of products on some specific categories such as for boys shoes ,Sandals , Sport shoes for girls we will make clogs ,lace ups, heel shoes etc. 2. We will always promise them  100% best quality for our product . 3. We will follow Fendi ,DIESEL ,Armani , Burberry ,Moschino designs to make our shoes . 4. We will use clear shoe box, ,paper shoe boxes in packaging our shoes . 5. We will make it eco -friendly. paper shoe boxes plastic shoe box clear shoe box Price : We will always try to give customers good quality shoes at a reasonable price .For this we need to take some sort of incentives , they are – 1. We will give price tag on each of our shoes. 2. We will give 5% discount on our shoes at the starting of our business in order to get consumer attention on our shoes. Place : 1. We will open our branches in home and abroad. 2. We will try to open our branches in U.S.A , Canada , South-Africa .So we will obviously try to make an influence on consumers to buy our product. 3. We will always try to sell the shoes that were produced first. 4. As shoes will be produced in Bangladesh we need to transport them across national boarder and in home .We prefer to transport shoes to abroad by air and in home by our private transport . Promotion : 1. We will advertise our shoes on newspaper, magazines , and on t.v. 2. We will open our own branch in home and abroad . 3. We will show the positive sides of our products such as its durability, comfort ability , up to date with latest designs and customer choices . ACTION PROGRAMES A Marketing Action Plan is a way of putting in place a structured series of activities to get a predictable result. Here are the basic steps: 1. Define the service we want to offer. 2. Define our Target Market for the service. 3. Define additional outcomes 4. Plan the resources required 5. Plan of costing Financial Plan Our financial plan is based on receiving several loans to purchase/fabricate the production equipment, provide initial operating capital, and establish the customer value. We will achieve profitability early in the first year and due to the expected high growth rate, we will realize strong profits on sales by net year. APOGEE shoes are made with recycled soccer ball and produced in fair-trade factories. We also sell only to independent retailers worldwide in order to cycle money back into local economics. Our hope is that people with similar philosophies will be inspired by our experiment in grassroots capitalism and start their own business ventures. This company pretty much focuses on one thing: recycled material. In making shoes, we use 80% recycled material and other things. Our principles underlie on low cost, but effective marketing strategies. Budgeting Apogee develop and make use a effective budget plan that will make sure to achieve expected profit rate. The following is an estimate of the sources of our principal costs: Capital costs †¢ Land fees †¢ cost of special equipment and †¢ Cost of set-out containers. Operating Costs †¢ Labor; †¢ Supplies; †¢ Administrative and Overhead; †¢ Truck Maintenance; †¢ Fuel, Maintenance; †¢ licenses, insurance, registration fees; Cost of Production WE will establish a minimum cost estimate for producing hoe. As we use the useless soccer ball for producing hoe the cost will not be high than using the material. Recycling less energy and generate less pollution than using less material. So here we have low energy cost. Promotion cost Our budget include marketing cost. Because e need to advertise.issue pre release, and make calls to potential customer. We will determine the cost of each marketing element. Labor cost In Bangladesh, the labor cost is not high. Here at first e hire some labors who are expert in this work. We analysis that this cost will not exceed our budget. We will make sure that we can get maximum output from labor. Distribution cost Apogee first launch some testing product and when it reached at higher growth rate then it ill export it product to other country. Controlling Apogee practice a constant marketing control process. First it set specific marketing goal. Then we will measure it performance in the marketplace and then evaluate the cause of any difference between expected and actual performance. Finally it takes corrective action to close the gap between it goal and it performance. This may require changing the action program or even changing the goal. (RESOURCES) Recycling Benefits A Recycling Revolution www.recycling-revolution.com/recycling-benefits.htm Threats on scrap sources accessibility: the loss of access and a new www.institut.veolia.org/recycling/recycling/recycling-threats.as Photos National Geographic Kids kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/photos/